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. 2023 Nov 8;13:19397. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-46206-9

Table 1.

The quality assessment for included studies.

Author, Year, and Country Study design Confounder Total score out of 9 Overall investigation quality
Is the case definition adequate? Representatives of the cases Selection of controls Definition of control Comparability of case and controls on the basis of design and analysis Ascertainment of exposure The same method of ascertainment for cases and controls Non-response rate

Aslan et al.22

(2020, Turkey)

Case–Control 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 6 High

Ayyildiz et al.23

(2019, Turkey)

Case–Control 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 5 Moderate

Bae et al.24

(2019, South Korea)

Case–Control 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 5 Moderate

Bodur et al.25

(2018, Turkey)

Case–Control 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 5 Moderate

Daluwatte et al.26

(2013, USA)

Case–Control 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 7 High

Fan et al.27

(2009, USA)

Case–Control 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 6 High

Garcia-Medina et al.28

(2017, Spain)

Case–Control 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 7 High

Garcia-Medina et al.29

(2020, Spain)

Case–Control 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 6 High

Grönlund et al.30

(2007, Sweden)

Case–Control 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 6 High

Hergüner et al.15

(2018, Turkey)

Case–Control 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 5 Moderate
Işık et al.31 (2020, Turkey) Case–Control 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 5 Moderate
Lynch et al.32 (2018, USA) Case–Control 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 6 High

Sánchez-Guillén et al.29

(2020, Spain)

Case–Control 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 7 High

Tarakcioglu et al.33

(2020, Turkey)

Case–Control 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 5 Moderate

Ulucan Atas et al.34

(2020, Turkey)

Case–Control 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 8 High