Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the participants in the National Health Insurance Service Health Screening Cohort across the subtypes of SLD.
| No SLD (n = 155,477) | MASLD (n = 165,654) | MetALD (n = 22,521) | ALD (n = 7416) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 56.9 (8.5) | 56.9 (8.0) | 54.6 (6.8) | 56.0 (7.9) |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 59,673 (38.4) | 111,498 (67.3) | 21,412 (95.1) | 7234 (97.5) |
| Female | 95,804 (61.6) | 54,156 (32.7) | 1109 (4.9) | 182 (2.5) |
| Household incomea, n (%) | ||||
| Upper half | 93,943 (60.4) | 109,637 (66.2) | 15,713 (69.8) | 4956 (66.8) |
| Lower half | 61,534 (39.6) | 56,017 (33.8) | 6808 (30.2) | 2460 (33.2) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.2 (2.2) | 25.5 (2.5) | 25.0 (2.6) | 24.7 (2.8) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 76.2 (6.3) | 86.0 (6.6) | 86.4 (6.6) | 86.5 (7.1) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 121.2 (14.7) | 127.4 (14.5) | 129.6 (14.4) | 130.4 (15.2) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 75.2 (9.6) | 79.3 (9.6) | 81.3 (9.7) | 81.4 (9.8) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 196.4 (34.8) | 205.7 (37.8) | 202.1 (36.9) | 199.5 (39.9) |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 57.9 (23.9) | 52.0 (26.7) | 54.8 (23.2) | 57.2 (32.7) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 99.7 (49.8) | 170.2 (100.2) | 190.4 (125.6) | 194.6 (133.8) |
| Fasting serum glucose, mg/dL | 95.3 (19.2) | 103.9 (27.1) | 107.5 (29.4) | 108.7 (30.6) |
| Alanine aminotransferase, IU/L | 18.9 (9.3) | 29.7 (21.4) | 31.1 (23.7) | 32.7 (25.2) |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, IU/L | 23.2 (8.0) | 28.0 (19.7) | 31.8 (25.4) | 35.4 (27.4) |
| γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, IU/L | 17.8 (7.7) | 47.5 (51.4) | 83.6 (92.4) | 110.3 (129.5) |
| Median (interquartile range) | 16.0 (13.0–21.0) | 34.0 (24.0–52.0) | 56.0 (37.0–93.0) | 70.0 (44.0–120.0) |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | ||||
| No | 110,769 (71.2) | 90,061 (54.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Yes | 44,708 (28.8) | 75,593 (45.6) | 22,521 (100) | 7416 (100) |
| Mildb | 38,519 (24.8) | 75,593 (45.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Moderatec | 5059 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 22,521 (100) | 0 (0) |
| Severed | 1130 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7416 (100) |
| Cigarette smoking, n (%) | ||||
| Never smoker | 117,991 (75.9) | 92,617 (55.9) | 5161 (22.9) | 1652 (22.3) |
| Past smoker | 19,035 (12.2) | 38,312 (23.1) | 7730 (34.3) | 2364 (31.9) |
| Current smoker | 18,451 (11.9) | 34,725 (21.0) | 9630 (42.8) | 3400 (45.8) |
| MVPA, n (%) | ||||
| No | 75,291 (48.4) | 73,376 (44.3) | 8623 (38.3) | 3451 (46.5) |
| 1–2 times/week | 25,137 (16.2) | 30,308 (18.3) | 4265 (18.9) | 1226 (16.5) |
| 3–4 times/week | 21,399 (13.8) | 25,147 (15.2) | 3849 (17.1) | 931 (12.6) |
| ≥5 times/week | 33,650 (21.6) | 36,823 (22.2) | 5784 (25.7) | 1808 (24.4) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 37,323 (24.0) | 67,815 (40.9) | 9125 (40.5) | 2977 (40.1) |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 9439 (6.1) | 24,166 (14.6) | 3104 (13.8) | 1114 (15.0) |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 24,608 (15.8) | 41,332 (25.0) | 4435 (19.7) | 1281 (17.3) |
| Charlson comorbidity index, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 34,505 (22.2) | 34,393 (20.8) | 5756 (25.6) | 1719 (23.2) |
| 1 | 48,161 (31.0) | 48,227 (29.1) | 7075 (31.4) | 2205 (29.7) |
| ≥2 | 72,811 (46.8) | 83,034 (50.1) | 9690 (43.0) | 3492 (47.1) |
| Statin use, n (%) | 27,782 (17.9) | 47,725 (28.8) | 5231 (23.2) | 1566 (21.1) |
| Aspirin use, n (%) | 20,523 (13.2) | 36,157 (21.8) | 4655 (20.7) | 1545 (20.8) |
| NSAIDs use, n (%) | 131,591 (84.6) | 137,203 (82.8) | 17,641 (78.3) | 5881 (79.3) |
Continuous data are presented as mean (standard deviation) (normally distributed) or medians (interquartile ranges) (not normally distributed). Categorical data are expressed as the number (%).
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; SLD, steatotic liver disease; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; MetALD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease with increased alcohol intake; ALD, alcohol-related liver disease; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Proxy for socioeconomic status based on the insurance premium of the National Health Insurance Service.
<30 g/day for male and <20 g/day for female.
30–60 g/day for male and 20–50 g/day for female.
>60 g/day for male and >50 g/day for female.