. 2023 Oct 28;65:102292. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102292

Table 2.

Subgroup analyses on the risk of incident cardiovascular disease across the subtypes of SLD.

	No SLD	MASLD	MetALD	ALD	P_trend	P_interaction
Age, years						<0.001
Younger adults < 65	1.00 (reference)	1.22 (1.16–1.27)^c	1.30 (1.21–1.39)^c	1.33 (1.20–1.48)^c	<0.001
Older adults ≥ 65	1.00 (reference)	1.14 (1.07–1.21)^c	1.22 (1.07–1.39)^b	1.17 (0.99–1.38)	<0.001
Sex						0.012
Male	1.00 (reference)	1.26 (1.20–1.32)^c	1.35 (1.26–1.45)^c	1.38 (1.26–1.51)^c	<0.001
Female	1.00 (reference)	1.10 (1.04–1.16)^c	1.16 (0.90–1.50)	0.78 (0.38–1.57)	0.003
Body mass index						0.033
<25 kg/m²	1.00 (reference)	1.20 (1.15–1.25)^c	1.29 (1.19–1.40)^c	1.25 (1.11–1.39)^c	<0.001
≥25 kg/m²	1.00 (reference)	1.10 (1.02–1.19)^a	1.17 (1.05–1.31)^b	1.24 (1.07–1.44)^b	0.015
Hypertension						<0.001
No	1.00 (reference)	1.26 (1.20–1.32)^c	1.41 (1.30–1.54)^c	1.43 (1.27–1.61)^c	<0.001
Yes	1.00 (reference)	1.08 (1.03–1.14)^b	1.10 (1.01–1.21)^a	1.10 (0.97–1.26)	0.014
Type 2 diabetes						<0.001
No	1.00 (reference)	1.20 (1.15–1.25)^c	1.31 (1.23–1.41)^c	1.30 (1.17–1.43)^c	<0.001
Yes	1.00 (reference)	1.09 (1.00–1.19)	1.07 (0.92–1.24)	1.18 (0.97–1.44)	0.210
Dyslipidaemia						0.005
No	1.00 (reference)	1.23 (1.18–1.28)^c	1.33 (1.24–1.42)^c	1.34 (1.22–1.48)^c	<0.001
Yes	1.00 (reference)	1.06 (0.99–1.15)	1.09 (0.95–1.24)	1.06 (0.86–1.30)	0.295
Smoking						<0.001
Never	1.00 (reference)	1.14 (1.09–1.19)^c	1.33 (1.19–1.49)^c	1.30 (1.09–1.54)^b	<0.001
Past	1.00 (reference)	1.20 (1.11–1.31)^c	1.35 (1.20–1.53)^c	1.57 (1.33–1.85)^c	<0.001
Current	1.00 (reference)	1.34 (1.24–1.45)^c	1.32 (1.20–1.48)^c	1.27 (1.10–1.46)^c	<0.001
MVPA						0.058
No	1.00 (reference)	1.18 (1.12–1.24)^c	1.29 (1.17–1.41)^c	1.14 (1.01–1.30)^a	<0.001
1–4 times/week	1.00 (reference)	1.19 (1.12–1.28)^c	1.25 (1.12–1.40)^c	1.49 (1.26–1.76)^c	<0.001
≥5 times/week	1.00 (reference)	1.23 (1.14–1.33)^c	1.31 (1.15–1.48)^c	1.39 (1.16–1.66)^c	<0.001
CCI						0.003
0	1.00 (reference)	1.27 (1.15–1.40)^c	1.41 (1.22–1.63)^c	1.41 (1.13–1.75)^b	<0.001
1	1.00 (reference)	1.21 (1.12–1.30)^c	1.31 (1.17–1.48)^c	1.38 (1.17–1.64)^c	<0.001
≥2	1.00 (reference)	1.16 (1.11–1.22)^c	1.22 (1.12–1.32)^c	1.21 (1.08–1.36)^b	<0.001
Statin use						0.003
No	1.00 (reference)	1.23 (1.18–1.28)^c	1.34 (1.25–1.44)^c	1.33 (1.20–1.47)^c	<0.001
Yes	1.00 (reference)	1.08 (1.01–1.16)^a	1.09 (0.97–1.23)	1.12 (0.93–1.34)	0.094
Aspirin use						<0.001
No	1.00 (reference)	1.23 (1.18–1.28)^c	1.31 (1.22–1.41)^c	1.30 (1.17–1.44)^c	<0.001
Yes	1.00 (reference)	1.07 (1.00–1.14)^a	1.18 (1.05–1.33)^b	1.22 (1.04–1.45)^a	0.022
NSAIDs use						0.044
No	1.00 (reference)	1.30 (1.18–1.44)^c	1.47 (1.26–1.71)^c	1.28 (1.02–1.60)^a	<0.001
Yes	1.00 (reference)	1.18 (1.13–1.22)^c	1.25 (1.17–1.34)^c	1.30 (1.18–1.43)^c	<0.001

Subdistribution hazard ratios (95% CI) were calculated using the Fine and Gray’s model after adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, household income, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and Charlson comorbidity index.

P for trend was calculated across the no SLD, MASLD, and MetALD groups.

SLD, steatotic liver disease; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; MetALD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease with increased alcohol intake; ALD, alcohol-related liver disease; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

P < 0.05.

P < 0.01.

P < 0.001.