Table 3.
Average concentrations (mg kg−1) of the target analytes.
Botanical origin of honey (number of samples) |
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Analyte | Pine (N = 3) | Fir (N = 4) | Oak (N = 2) | Thyme (N = 4) | Heather (N = 3) | Orange (N = 3) | Sage (N = 3) | Chestnut (N = 2) | Arbutus (N = 4) | Carob (N = 2) |
Heptane | 0.024 | 0.019 | 0.0072 | 0.014 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.011 | 0.021 | ND | 0.0092 |
Octane | 0.49 | 0.57 | 0.35 | 0.057 | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.06 | 0.32 |
Nonane | 0.017 | 0.025 | 0.026 | 0.027 | 0.023 | 0.019 | 0.022 | 0.023 | 0.0095 | 0.017 |
Decane | 0.016 | 0.0075 | 0.0098 | 0.0084 | 0.0087 | 0.011 | 0.0099 | 0.0068 | <LOQ | <LOQ |
Undecane | ND | ND | 0.012 | 0.013 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | <LOQ |
1-Hexanol | 0.018 | <LOQ | 0.045 | <LOQ | <LOQ | ND | <LOQ | 0.021 | <LOQ | <LOQ |
1-Octanol | <LOQ | <LOQ | 0.021 | ND | ND | ND | ND | <LOQ | ND | <LOQ |
1-Nonanol | 0.030 | 0.018 | 0.032 | <LOQ | ND | <LOQ | <LOQ | 0.031 | <LOQ | ND |
Hexanal | 0.010 | 0.012 | ND | 0.017 | 0.016 | ND | 0.027 | 0.016 | ND | <LOQ |
Heptanal | ND | 0.009 | ND | ND | 0.014 | ND | 0.011 | <LOQ | ND | ND |
Octanal | 0.015 | 0.022 | 0.012 | 0.021 | 0.018 | 0.011 | 0.0099 | 0.014 | 0.012 | 0.0096 |
Nonanal | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.022 | 0.034 | 0.027 | 0.032 | 0.034 | 0.028 | 0.023 | 0.041 |
Decanal | 0.017 | 0.028 | 0.012 | 0.015 | 0.015 | 0.010 | 0.011 | 0.013 | 0.010 | 0.021 |
Benzaldehyde | 0.10 | 0.095 | 0.052 | 0.42 | 0.28 | 0.093 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.040 | 0.048 |
Ethyl octanoate | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | ND | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ |
Ethyl nonanoate | <LOQ | 0.0089 | <LOQ | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.0077 | <LOQ | ND |
α-Isophorone | ND | 0.030 | 0.041 | ND | 0.36 | ND | ND | 0.010 | 13 | 0.073 |
β-Damascenone | 0.012 | ND | ND | 0.012 | 0.009 | ND | ND | 0.010 | ND | 0.086 |
Hexanoic acid | <LOQ | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | <LOQ | ND | ND |
Octanoic acid | 0.028 | <LOQ | <LOQ | ND | ND | ND | ND | 0.023 | ND | <LOQ |
Nonanoic acid | 0.024 | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | 0.028 |
Decanoic acid | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | ND | ND | <LOQ | ND | <LOQ |
ND: Non-Detected (<LOD).