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. 2023 Oct 27;9(11):e21311. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21311

Table 3.

Average concentrations (mg kg−1) of the target analytes.


Botanical origin of honey (number of samples)
Analyte Pine (N = 3) Fir (N = 4) Oak (N = 2) Thyme (N = 4) Heather (N = 3) Orange (N = 3) Sage (N = 3) Chestnut (N = 2) Arbutus (N = 4) Carob (N = 2)
Heptane 0.024 0.019 0.0072 0.014 0.013 0.013 0.011 0.021 ND 0.0092
Octane 0.49 0.57 0.35 0.057 0.18 0.15 0.29 0.32 0.06 0.32
Nonane 0.017 0.025 0.026 0.027 0.023 0.019 0.022 0.023 0.0095 0.017
Decane 0.016 0.0075 0.0098 0.0084 0.0087 0.011 0.0099 0.0068 <LOQ <LOQ
Undecane ND ND 0.012 0.013 ND ND ND ND ND <LOQ
1-Hexanol 0.018 <LOQ 0.045 <LOQ <LOQ ND <LOQ 0.021 <LOQ <LOQ
1-Octanol <LOQ <LOQ 0.021 ND ND ND ND <LOQ ND <LOQ
1-Nonanol 0.030 0.018 0.032 <LOQ ND <LOQ <LOQ 0.031 <LOQ ND
Hexanal 0.010 0.012 ND 0.017 0.016 ND 0.027 0.016 ND <LOQ
Heptanal ND 0.009 ND ND 0.014 ND 0.011 <LOQ ND ND
Octanal 0.015 0.022 0.012 0.021 0.018 0.011 0.0099 0.014 0.012 0.0096
Nonanal 0.17 0.19 0.022 0.034 0.027 0.032 0.034 0.028 0.023 0.041
Decanal 0.017 0.028 0.012 0.015 0.015 0.010 0.011 0.013 0.010 0.021
Benzaldehyde 0.10 0.095 0.052 0.42 0.28 0.093 0.20 0.19 0.040 0.048
Ethyl octanoate <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ ND <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ
Ethyl nonanoate <LOQ 0.0089 <LOQ ND ND ND ND 0.0077 <LOQ ND
α-Isophorone ND 0.030 0.041 ND 0.36 ND ND 0.010 13 0.073
β-Damascenone 0.012 ND ND 0.012 0.009 ND ND 0.010 ND 0.086
Hexanoic acid <LOQ ND ND ND ND ND ND <LOQ ND ND
Octanoic acid 0.028 <LOQ <LOQ ND ND ND ND 0.023 ND <LOQ
Nonanoic acid 0.024 <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ 0.028
Decanoic acid <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ <LOQ ND ND <LOQ ND <LOQ

ND: Non-Detected (<LOD).