Table 1.

Most recent wearable sensor based on MOFs for health-care applications.

Article title	Authors and Publication date	MOF	Application and Analytical Performance	Outcomes
Design and fabrication of novel flexible sensor based on 2D Ni-MOF nanosheets as a preliminary step toward wearable sensor for onsite Ni (II) ions detection in biological and environmental samples.	Elashery et al., 2022 [18]	Ni-MOF Metal: Ni Ligand: benzenedicarboxylic acid: (BDC))	Determination of Nickel ions in biological and environmental samples. LR = 1.0 × 10−5–1.0 × 10−1 mol L−1. LOD = 2.7 × 10−6 mol L−1.	•The prepared sensor exhibited excellent performance and fast response to Nickel ions detection. •A lower LOD around 2.7 μM has been obtained. •The sensor exhibited great recoveries in real samples such water human saliva, sweat and tap water
Highly Stretchable Wearable Electrochemical Sensor Based on Ni–Co MOF Nanosheet-Decorated Ag/rGO/PU Fiber for Continuous Sweat Glucose Detection	Shu et al., 2021 [23]	Ni–Co-MOF Metal: Ni–Co. Ligand: benzenedicarboxylic acid: (BDC))	Detection of glucose in sweat Sensitivity = 425.9 μA mM−1·cm−2. LR: 10 μM–0.66 mM.	•The fabricated electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical performance with high stretchability. •The presence of rGO in the sensing matrix has significantly improved the performance of the (Ni–Co MOF/Ag/rGO/PU) toward glucose detection with a sensitivity around 425.9 μA mM−1·cm−2. •The wearable sensor exhibited outstanding mechanical flexibility and stretching.
MOF-derived porous Ni/C material for high-performance hybrid nanogenerator and self-powered wearable sensor	Gui et al., 2023 [36]	Ni-MOF Metal: Ni–Co Ligand: Terephthalic acid	Motion monitoring	•A hybrid nanogenerator integrated by a two-layer zigzag triboelectric nanogenerator and an EMG, has been fabricated. •The sensor harvested the mechanical energy generated from human walking for self-powered personnel positioning. •The effect of the TENG structure on the output is analyzed and showed potential for hand motion and gait monitoring.
Fabrication of a sensitive and fast response electrochemical glucose sensing platform based on co-based metal-organic frameworks obtained from rapid in situ conversion of electrodeposited cobalt hydroxide intermediates	Shahrokhian et al., 2020 [37]	Co3 (BTC) 2 MOFs Metal: Co Ligand: 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid (H3 BTC, C9H 6O 6)))	Glucose detection in human blood LR = 1 μM - 0.33 mM LOD = 0.33 μM.	•A three steps cost-effective and eco-friendly synthesis procedure has been successfully proposed to synthesis crystalline Co 3(BTC) 2 MOFs. •The sensing matrix exhibited excellent performance toward glucose detection and provided outstanding analytical parameters.
Smartphone light-driven zinc porphyrinic MOF nanosheets-based enzyme-free wearable photoelectrochemical sensor for continuous sweat vitamin C detection	Yan et al., 2023 [38]	Zn-MOF Metal: Zn Ligand: 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (BPDC))	Detection of vitamin C in human sweat. LR = 10–1100 Μm. LOD = 3.61 μM.	•A smartphone-connected enzymatic sensor to detect vitamin C in human sweat has been successfully developed. •The sensor exhibited great potentianl to ensure proper nutritional balance. •The non'enzymatic sensing platform is constructed by a two-dimensional zinc porphyrinic MOF nanosheets/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (2D-TCPP(Zn)/MCNTs).
A highly flexible Ni–Co MOF nanosheet coated Au/PDMS film based wearable electrochemical sensor for continuous human sweat glucose monitoring	Shu et al., 2018 [17]	Ni–Co-MOF Metal: Ni–Co Ligand: Terephthalic acid (PTA))	Glucose Detection in sweat LR = 20 μM–790 μM. Sensitivity = 205.1 μA mM−1 cm−2.	•A stretchable sensor based on Ni–Co-MOF is prepared. •Operational paramaters such as Ni: Co ratios were optimized. •The sensor exhibited excellent performance once it is attached to the skin to effectively detect glucose in sweat. •The sensing matrix exhibited excellent performance toward glucose detection and provided outstanding analytical parameters with a high sensitivity of 205.1 μA mM−1 cm−2.
Fluorescent wearable platform for sweat Cl ‐ analysis and logic smart‐device fabrication based on color adjustable lanthanide MOFs	Xu et al., 2013 [35]	DUT‐101 was synthesized by using biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid (H 2bpdc) with Tb(NO 3) 3 ∙6H 2 O	Cl− ions detection in sweat LOD = 0.1 mM	•A fluorescence wearable sensor to detect Cl− ions in human sweat is proposed. •The sensor exhibited lower limits of detection and quantification with high sensitivity and excellent selectivity to ward Cl‐ ions. •This system is a simple and effective solution for wearable sweat‐based monitoring.
Chiral MOF Derived Wearable Logic Sensor for Intuitive Discrimination of Physiologically Active Enantiomer	Yang et al., 2023 [39]	Chiral γ-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (CDMOF)	Lactate enantiomers	•A dual responsive chiral sensor RT@CDMOF through in situ self-assembly of chiral γ-cyclodextrin MOF was prepared. •The embedded RGH and TCN inherit the chirality of host CDMOF, producing dual changes both in fluorescence and reflectance. •A flexible membrane sensor is successfully fabricated based on RT@CDMOF for wearable health monitoring. •Based on above, a chiral implication logic unit can be successfully achieved, demonstrating the promising potential of RT@CDMOF in design and assembly of novel smart devices.
Ultra-thin 2D bimetallic MOF nanosheets for highly sensitive and stable detection of glucose in sweat for dancer	Mao et al., 2023 [27]	The NiMn-MOF Metal: Ni–Mn Ligand: 1,3,5 Benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC)	Glucose Detection in sweat Sensitivity = 1576 μA mM−1 cm−2. LR = 0–0.205 mM. LOD, 0.28 μM.	•Accurate, fast response and sensitive wearable sensor during dancing is successfully fabricated. •The sensing matrix is based on a bimetallic NiMn-MOF and exhibited excellent catalytic activity. •The ultrathin nanosheet and heterogeneous metal ions in the structure optimize the electronic structure, which improves the electrical conductivity of MOFs. •The sensing matrix exhibited excellent performance toward glucose detection and provided outstanding analytical parameters with a high sensitivity of 1576 μA mM−1 cm−2.
A wearable sweat electrochemical aptasensor based on the Ni–Co MOF nanosheet-decorated CNTs/PU film for monitoring of stress biomarker	Su et al., 2023 [24]	Ni–Co-MOF Metal: Ni–Co Ligand: diamino terephthalic acid (C8H6O4),	Cortisol detection LR = 0.1–100 ng/mL. LOD = 0.032 ng/mL.	•A three steps cost-effective and eco-friendly synthesis procedure has been successfully proposed to synthesis MOF/CCP. •The sensor exhibited excellent analytical performance toward cortisol with high sensitivity and with high repeatability and good selectivity. •The sensor exhibited promising potential for quantitative stress monitoring and management. •The fabricated sensor provided outstanding sensitivity due to the formation of the aptamer-cortisol complex.