Figure 8.

D-Ala changed the shape of E. coli with reducing ftsZ gene expression. (A) SEM images of E. coli (JCM 1649) cocultured with 1% L- or D-Ala (E. coli^L-Ala/EC^D-Ala) and control (E. coli^Cont). (B–H) Gene expression profile of each sample (B, C, D), COG pathway enrichment analysis (E). The FPKM level of each racemese gene were detected in E. coli^D-Ala, E. coli^Cont, and E. coli^L-Ala (F). Cluster of genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and cell division (G), and RodZ expression levels (H) are shown (n = 3 in each group). P values were obtained via by analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test. ∗P < .05; ∗∗P < .01; ∗∗∗P < .001. Data are shown as standard error of the mean.