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. 2023 Oct 21;23:100837. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100837

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© 2023 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Fig. 4 — Different methods and techniques used for niosome characterization and evaluation. (1) Dynamic light scattering (DLS) used for size and zeta potential analysis, (2) DLS used also for the analysis of polydispersity index (PDI), (3) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) used for morphology study, (4) filtration-centrifugation method for study of entrapment efficiency, (5) dialysis method for study of in-vitro drug release, and (6) X-ray diffraction (XRD) for surface characterization.