Table 3.

Natural products loaded niosomes for pharmaceutical applications.

Niosome Type	Natural Product	Production Method	Size (nm)	EE (%)	Disease Type	Products	In-vivo/In-vitro	Results	Ref
LUV	Rice Bran	scCO2	480.9 ± 270.8	47.54–64.47	Skin Aging	Anti-aging effects in gel and cream	Rabit Skin/Fibroblast cells	Skin lightning, thickness, roughness and elasticity improvement	[126]
LUV	Lycopene	Adsorption-Hydration	175–235	62.8 ± 2	Diabetes	Anti-Diabetic vesicles	Wistar rat	Efficient delivery.	[130]
								Blood glucose level reduction
LUV	Lycopene	Adsorption-Hydration	170–230	62.76 ± 2	Cervical and breast Cancer	Lycopene encapsulation	MCF-7 and HeLa cells, Wistar rat	Anti-cancer activity	[137]
SUV	Zingiber	Film hydration	100	–	Inflammation		Wistar rat	Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory	[131]
LUV	Turmeric	Transmembrane pH gradient	400–500	81.69	Mosquito vectors		Against larvae	Mortality of larvae	[138]
LUV	Embelin	Thin film hydration	500–700	63.32–80.00	Diabetes		Wistar rat	Hypoglycemic activity	[118]
LUV	Gymnema sylvestre	Thin film hydration	229.5 ± 30	57.8–85.3	Diabetes	Anti-Diabetic vesicles	Wistar rat		[139]
LUV	Silymarin	Hand Shaking	256.2–541.1	43.8–70.61		Hepatoprtective	Wistar rat	Increasing drug bioavailability	[140]
LUV	Ellagic acid	Reverse phase evaporation	124–1776	1.35–26.75			Human skin & Franz diffusion cell	Efficient delivery of EA through epidermis	[141]
LUV	Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate	Thin film hydration and high-speed stirring	363–622	13.2–40	Eczema and psoriasis	Dermal administration	–		[142]
LUV	Resveratrol	Thin film hydration	139–227	16.8–72.5	–	Yoghurt additive	–	–	[143]
SUV and LUV	Nerium oleander	Thin film hydration	59.1–334.0	13.24–16.20			Alveolar type-II and cervical cancer cell	Antioxidant activity	[144]
LUV	Curcumin	Thin film hydration	250 ± 20	90	Cancer	Anticancer, anti-tubercular and anti-inflammatory	HeLa	Multi-drug delivery enhancement	[29]
LUV	Morusin	Thin film hydration	479	97	Cancer	Anticancer therapy	MDA-MB-453, HT-29, PANC-1, SKOV-3, and L929		[145]
SUV	Curcumin	Thin film and pH-gradient	48–185.9	50.21–95.11	Cancer	Anticancer therapy	Saos-2, MG-63, and KG-1	Multi hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug delivery	[119]
LUV	Papain	Thin film hydration and sonication	220.7–520.2	–	Scar of skin	Skin treatment	Sprague-Dawley rats' skin	Skin permeation enhancement	[146]
LUV	Gambogenic acid	Ethanol injection	98.3–299.7	36.09–68.20	Cancer	Anticancer drug candidate	–	Effective release and increasing duration	[22]
SUV	Curcumin	Thin film hydration	101.5–125.1	52.24–85.42	Cancer	Anticancer therapy	MCF-7, MCF-10A	Improving therapeutic effectiveness of cancer treatments	[121]
LUV	Green tea	Thin film hydration	338.3	56.39–77.80	Skin Protection	Antioxidants niosomal gel	–	Efficient encapsulation	[147]
LUV	Resveratrol	Thin film hydration and ethanol injection	284 ± 28–496 ± 39	15±1–48 ± 3	Skin inflammation and irritation	Topical use and delivery	Newborn Pig skin		[125]
SUV	Morin	Thin film hydration	109–233	55.47–78.94	Cancer and Parkinson	Antioxidant and anticancer activity in brain	Wistar rat	Improvement in AUC of MH	[148]
MLV	Ellagic acid	Reverse phase evaporation	312–560	25.63–38.73	–	Dermal delivery system	Human skin	Permeation enhancement to the skin	[132]
LUV	Aloe vera	Reverse phase evaporation	270.08	42.04	Skin defects and wounds	Skin wound dressing	Fibroblast cell	Accelerating healing process	[149]
–	Silibinin	Reverse phase evaporation	–	49.50–86.38	Cancer	Anti-tumoural activity	T47D cell	Altering level of miRNA expression	[150]
–	Resveratrol	Thin film hydration	–	97.00 ± 0.02	–	Hydrogel systems encapsulating niosomes	–	Preventing trans-to-cis photoisomerization of resveratrol	[123]
MLV and SUV	Resveratrol	Mechanical agitation and sonication	200–900	<40.96	Antioxidant	Functional food	–		[151]
SUV	Rice Bran	chloroform film method with sonication	44.86–75.67	–	–	Anti-hair loss products	Fibroblast cell		[127]
LUV	Ginkgo biloba	Film dispersion–homogenization	140.9–505.1	38.7–57.7	Auto-oxidation, antitumor, protective in nervous system	Delivery of GbE to the brain	Wistar rat		[152]
–	Curcumin	Ether injection	–	–	–	Transdermal formulation gel	Wistar rat skin	–	[122]
LUV	Artemisia absinthium	Thin film hydration	174 ± 2.56	66.73	Amyloid aggregation		–		[153]
SUV	Marigold	Thin film hydration	57.61 ± 25.27 and 82.72 ± 21.92	59	Cytotoxicity, wound healing, antioxidant		Vero cell		[154]
LUV	Zingiber		690 and 1930	–		Anti-inflammatory	Newborn pigs skin and Male ICR mice	Chemical stability and skin permeation enhancement	[155]
LUV	Propolis	Reverse phase evaporation	237–333	91 ± 0.48	Oral recurrent aphthous ulcer	Antimicrobial compound	Franz diffusion cell		[156]
SUV	Carum	Thin film hydration	100–200	86.25–92.32	Cancer	Breast cancer treatment	MCF7	Novel high efficiency carrier	[157]