Table 2.
Odds ratio (95% CIs) of MAFLD associated with each SD increase in 3-year exposure to PM2.5 and its major chemical constituents.
| Model 0 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PM2.5 | 1.141 (1.121–1.161) | 1.133 (1.053–1.219) | 1.480 (1.366–1.605) |
| Black carbon | 1.152 (1.132–1.173) | 1.130 (1.055–1.210) | 1.426 (1.323–1.538) |
| Organic matter | 1.135 (1.115–1.155) | 1.018 (0.948–1.093) | 1.294 (1.196–1.401) |
| Ammonium | 1.139 (1.118–1.159) | 1.236 (1.147–1.332) | 1.561 (1.440–1.692) |
| Sulfate | 1.137 (1.116–1.157) | 1.367 (1.272–1.469) | 1.618 (1.501–1.744) |
| Nitrate | 1.138 (1.118–1.158) | 1.059 (0.986–1.139) | 1.368 (1.262–1.482) |
MAFLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease; PM2.5, particulate matter 2.5 μm or less in diameter; SD, standard deviation.
Model 0: unadjusted.
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and admission sites, urban area, education level, annal household income.
Model 2: additionally adjusted for alcohol consumption, smoke status, high-fat diet, low fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, second-hand smoking exposure, biomass fuel exposure, 3-year average temperature and 3-year average humidity.