Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study | Data source | Study period | Number of IBD patients | Definition of IBD | Definition of ACS | Adjusted risk (95% CI) | Unadjusted risk (95% CI) | Covariates |
| Aniwan et al25 | Rochester Epidemiology Project | 1980–2010 | 746 | REP central diagnostic index; clinical, endoscopic, and histological findings | Rise of cardiac biomarker and with at least one of the new or presumed new significant ST-segment-T wave changes or new left bundle branch block (LBBB), development of pathological Q waves, r new regional wall motion abnormality or identification of intracoronary thrombus at cardiac catheterisation or autopsy | 1.98 (1.41 to 2.79) | 2.82 (1.97 to 201.03) | Age, sex, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, familial coronary artery disease |
| Card et al26 | Clinical Practice Research Datalink | 1997–2017 | 31 175 | ICD unspecified | Based on diagnostic coding (unable to access appendix). Also codes from both primary care (primary care section of CPRD) and secondary care (HES) to identify the MI and stroke outcome events. | 0.92 (0.82 to 1.04) | 1.13 (1.03 to 1.24) | Age, gender, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, alcohol use, 5-ASA use, BMI, hospitalisation |
| Kristensen et al35 | Danish National Patient Register | 1996–2009 | 20 795 | ICD-10 | ICD 10 121–122 | 1.17 (1.05 to 1.31) | 2.93 (2.64 to 3.25) | Age, gender, co-morbidity, cardiovascular medication and socioeconomic status |
| Rungoe16 2012 | Danish National Patient Register | 1997–2009 | 28 833 | ICD-10 | ICD 10 121–122 | CD 1.18 (0.92 to 1.51) UC 1.14 (1.00 to 1.29) |
CD 1,41 (1.21 to 1.64) UC 1.38 (1.27 to 1.49) |
Time-dependant use of comorbidity-related drugs (antidiabetic agents, antihypertensive drugs, cholesterol-lowering drugs, anticoagulant drugs and antiarrhythmic agents) |
| Osterman 201137 | General Practice Research Data Base | 1987–2003 | 25 327 | ICD-10 | ICD-10 121–122 | CD 1.09 (0.89 to 1.34) UC 1.11 (0.98 to 1.26) |
CD 1.15 (0.94 to 1.41) UC 1.18 (1.03 to 1.34) |
Age, sex, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking status, body mass index and aspirin use |
| Setyawan et al27 | MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Databases | 2014–2017 | 34 687 | ICD-9, ICD-10 | Based on previous subgroup analysis—ICD 9 code and ICD 10 codes. Patients with venous and arterial TEs were identified as those with ≥1 ICD-9-CM and/or ICD-10-CM code for DVT, PE, MI or IS during the study period. No further details provided | 0.62 (0.44 to 0.88) | 0.81 (0.73 to 0.90) | Age at index date, sex (female), baseline comorbidities including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, CKD, COPD, diabetes, PAD, hormonal therapies, baseline non-immune-mediating drugs and baseline thromboembolism of interest (yes/no) |
| Sinha et al29 | Northwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse | 2000–2019 | 1290 | ICD-9, ICD-10 | ICD 10 121–122 | 1.11 (0.62 to 2.00) | Not reported | Age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance, baseline year, hypertension, diabetes, current smoking, total cholesterol, statin use and systemic steroid use. |
| Tsai 201438 | Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database | 1998–2010 | 11 822 | ICD-9 | ICD9 410 | 1.73 (1.54 to 1.94) | 1.87 (1.77 to 1.97) | Age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, COPD and heart failure |
| Yarur 201139 | Jackson Memorial Hospital Medical Records | 1995–2009 | 356 | ICD-9 | ICD9 410 | 1.81 (0.83 to 3.97) | 1.81 (0.83 to 3.96) | Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, family history of coronary artery disease, CKD, BMI>30, WBC count, platelet count, anaemia |
| Choi et al30 | National Health Insurance Service South Korea | 2006–2009 | CD=10 708 UC=26 769 |
ICD-10 | ICD 10 121–122 | CD 1.80 (1.47 to 2.21) UC 11.11 (0.99 to 1.24) |
Not reported | Age, sex, residence type, income, hypertension, DM and dyslipidaemia |
| Ha 200940 | National Health Insurance Service South Korea | 2001–2003 | 17 448 | ICD-9 | Acute myocardial infarction defined as per ICD-9CM 410.x | CD 1.10 (0.92 to 1.32) | Not reported | Hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes |
| Gill 202031 | MedStar Health System | 1999–2011 | 15 292 | ICD-9, ICD-10 | Not defined | 1.31 (1.08 to 1.58) | Not reported | Age, gender, race hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking |
ACS, acute coronary syndrome; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPRD, Clinical Practice Research Datalink; DM, diabetes mellitus; HES, Hospital episode statistics; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; PAD, Peripheral arterial disease; REP, Rochester Epidiemiology Project; WBC, white blood cell.