Table 1.
Study population characteristics.
| Characteristics | Cohort 1 (n=18), mean (SD; range) | Cohort 2 (n=17), mean (SD; range) | P value | Effect size | Pooled (n=35), mean (SD; range) | |
| Demographics | ||||||
|
|
Age (y) | 69.67 (5.04; 65-80) | 72 (4.49; 65-83) | .16 | −0.50 | 70.8 (4.86; 65-83) |
|
|
Gender (women), n (%) | 8 (44) | 6 (35) | N/Aa | N/A | 14 (40) |
|
|
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.03 (4.84; 21.87-39.75) | 26.42 (4.71; 20-36.8) | .71 | 0.13 | 26.73 (4.72; 20-39.75) |
|
|
AHIb (events/h) | 20.89 (17.46; 1.6-66.7) | 18.96 (13.62; 4.2-58.8) | .72 | 0.13 | 19.95 (15.51; 1.6-66.7) |
|
|
MMSEc | 28.44 (1.46; 25-30) | 28.88 (1.32; 25-30) | .36 | −0.32 | 28.66 (1.39; 25-30) |
|
|
PSQId | 4.22 (1.86: 1-7) | 4 (2.35; 1-10) | .76 | 0.11 | 4.11 (2.08; 1-10) |
|
|
ESSe | 3.72 (2.67; 1-9) | 3.47 (2.32; 0-8) | .77 | 0.10 | 3.6 (2.47; 0-9) |
| Polysomnography sleep measures | ||||||
|
|
TRTf (min) | 600.03 (1.54; 596.11-603.35) | 601.2 (9.95; 590.25-622.43) | .62 | −0.17 | 600.6 (6.93; 590.25-622.43) |
|
|
APg (min) | 571.75 (18.49; 523.78-586) | 512.39 (22.79; 466-539.89) | .001 h | 2.95 | 542.91 (36.36; 466-586) |
|
|
TSTi (min) | 422.47 (53.16; 326.5-504) | 347.32 (55.46; 282-469) | .001 | 2.95 | 385.97 (65.67; 282-504) |
|
|
SOLj (min) | 11.56 (10.62; 0-40.5) | 18.91 (13.71; 2-49.5) | .08 | −0.62 | 15.13 (12.60; 0-49.5) |
|
|
WASOk (min) | 130.44 (47.56; 60-206.5) | 146.09 (56.43; 30.5-240) | .38 | −0.31 | 138.04 (51.89; 30.5-240) |
|
|
SEFFl (%) | 73.86 (8.82; 57.28-87.56) | 67.92 (11.33; 52.27-92.6) | .09 | 0.60 | 70.99 (10.41; 52.27-92.6) |
|
|
N3m (percentage of TST) | 20.21 (5.94; 11.58-36.48) | 19.74 (9.66; 3.08-34.93) | .86 | 0.06 | 19.98 (7.85; 3.08-36.48) |
|
|
N2n (percentage of TST) | 47.70 (8.08; 33.69-61.55) | 47.27 (7.83; 36.5-61.1) | .87 | 0.05 | 47.49 (7.85; 33.69-61.55) |
|
|
N1o (percentage of TST) | 17.08 (7.12; 5.58-37.8) | 19.22 (9; 7.46-36.89) | .001 | −4.15 | 18.12 (8.04; 5.58-37.81) |
|
|
REMp (percentage of TST) | 15 (5.99; 5.49-23.96) | 13.77 (4.93; 3.39-19.65) | .51 | 0.23 | 14.41 (5.46; 3.39-23.96) |
|
|
NREMq (percentage of TST) | 84.99 (5.99; 76.04-94.51) | 86.23 (4.93; 80.35-96.6) | .52 | −0.23 | 85.59 (5.46; 76.04-96.6) |
|
|
Wake (min) | 142 (50.83; 62-243.5) | 165 (60.12; 37.5-257.5) | .23 | −0.43 | 153.17 (55.94; 37.5-257.5) |
aN/A: not applicable.
bAHI: apnea hypopnea index.
cMMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination.
dPSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
eESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale.
fTRT: total recording time.
gAP: analysis period.
hSignificant differences (P<.05) are italicized.
iTST: total sleep time.
jSOL: sleep onset latency.
kWASO: wake after sleep onset.
lSEFF: sleep efficiency.
mN3: stage N3 of non–rapid eye movement sleep.
nN2: stage N2 of non–rapid eye movement sleep.
oN1: stage N1 of non–rapid eye movement sleep.
pREM: rapid eye movement.
qNREM: non–rapid eye movement.