Table 4.

The results of the robustness test.

Independent variable	Model1	Model2	Model3	Model4	Model5	Model6
	non-shrinking cities	shrinking cities	non-shrinking cities	shrinking cities	non-shrinking cities	shrinking cities
Household savings balance	0.291***	0.119**	0.298***	0.124**	0.299***	0.121**
The number of industrial enterprises above designated size	−0.425***	−0.047	−0.425***	−0.049	−0.424***	−0.052
GDP per capita	0.268***	−0.736***	0.264***	−0.729***	0.263***	−0.702***
Financial revenue and expenditure	−0.074*	0.119***	−0.074*	0.121***	−0.075*	0.122***
Highway mileage	0.282***	−0.007	0.285***	0.011	0.291***	−0.01
The proportion of primary and secondary school students	0.064	0.114**	0.061	0.112**	0.065	0.111**
The proportion of secondary and tertiary production	0.117**	0.117**	0.114*	0.119**	0.113*	0.099**
Population density	1.211**	−0.101	1.256**	−0.104	1.360**	−0.109
Number of medical beds			−0.009	−0.015	−0.006	−0.017
Whether under a resource-exhausted city					0.021	−0.041
Chi2	102.38	76.55	101.43	76.57	100.95	78.83
P > Chi2	0	0	0	0	0	0
R2	0.2517	0.1574	0.2529	0.1574	0.2545	0.1584
Total sample size	275	418	275	418	275	418

Note: *, ** and *** respectively represent passing the significance test underthe confidence interval of 90 %, 95 % and 99 %.