Table 4.
Predictors for a favorable outcome at telephone interview assessed by dichotomized EQ VAS of the EQ-5D-5L (EQ VAS ≥ 75 versus EQ VAS < 75) (N = 206)
| EQ VAS ≥ 75 (N = 84) | EQ VAS < 75 (N = 122) | Test statistics | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 68.0 ± 12.0 | 73.1 ± 11.1 | U = 3,875.000, Z = 2.972, p = 0.003c |
| Sex-female | 27/84 (32.1%) | 54/122 (44.3%) | 3.063/0.080a |
| Aetiology of stroke | |||
| LAAS | 9 (10.8%) | 12 (9.8%) | 0.817/0.976a |
| CES | 21 (25.3%) | 30 (24.6%) | |
| SVD | 15 (18.1%) | 22 (18.0%) | |
| Other | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (0.8%) | |
| Cryptogenic stroke | 17 (20.5%) | 31 (25.4%) | |
| ESUS | 20 (24.1%) | 26 (21.3%) | |
| Event to door time | |||
| ≤ 2 h | 54/84 (64.3%) | 64/122 (52.5%) | 2.844/0.092a |
| Door to needle time | 44.8 ± 26.0 min | 43.6 ± 20.6 min | U = 5,000.000, Z = 0.295, p = 0.768c |
| (Median 37) | (Median 38) | ||
| Severity indices on admission | |||
| Modified Rankin Scale on admission | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 3.2 ± 0.9 | U = 4,170.000, Z = 2.424, p = 0.015c |
| Median: 3 | Median: 3 | ||
| Modified Rankin Scale on admission | Score 0: 0 (0%) | Score 0: 1 (0.8%) | 11.479/0.043a |
| Score 1: 4 (4.8%) | Score 1: 0 (0%) | ||
| Score 2: 27 (32.1%) | Score 2: 26 (21.3%) | ||
| Score 3: 36 (42.9%) | Score 3: 60 (49.2%) | ||
| Score 4: 13 (15.5%) | Score 4: 22 (18.0%) | ||
| Score 5: 4 (4.8%) | Score 5: 13 (10.7%) | ||
| NIHSS on admission | 5.2 ± 4.4 | 6.1 ± 5.1 | U = 4,411.500, Z = 1.704, p = 0.088c |
| Median: 4 | Median: 5 | ||
| NIHSS after 24 h | 1.8 ± 2.8 | 3.6 ± 4.8 | U = 3,595.500, Z = 3.553, p < 0.001c |
| Median: 1 | Median: 2 | ||
| Risk factors | |||
| Hypertension | 66/84 (78.6%) | 115/122 (94.3%) | 11.486/< 0.001a |
| Systolic blood pressure on admission | 167.0 ± 28.3 mm Hg | 166.3 ± 25.0 mm Hg | T = 0.173, p = 0.863b |
| Diastolic blood pressure on admission | 89.3 ± 15.3 mm Hg | 90.0 ± 15.9 mm Hg | U = 4,882.000, Z = 0.337, p = 0.736c |
| Diabetes mellitus | 12/84 (14.3%) | 24/122 (19.7%) | 1.001/0.317a |
| Blood glucose level on admission | 136.5 ± 53.8 mg/dl | 133.9 ± 49.2 mg/dl | U = 5,215.000, Z = 0.365, p = 0.715c |
| HbA1c | 41.8 ± 13.4 mmol/mol | 42.0 ± 10.4 mmol/mol | U = 4,570.500, Z = 0.804, p = 0.421c |
| Cholesterol level on admission | 201.2 ± 44.1 mg/dl | 194.9 ± 45.3 mg/dl | U = 5,382.500, Z = 0.978, p = 0.328c |
| LDL level on admission | 126.0 ± 38.3 mg/dl | 124.5 ± 39.7 mg/dl | U = 5,057.500, Z = 0.291, p = 0.771c |
| Statine therapy on admission | 23/83 (32.9%) | 47/122 (38.5%) | 2.569/0.109a |
| CRP level on admission | 2.7 ± 5.0 mg/dl | 9.3 ± 29.3 mg/dl | U = 3,679.000, Z = 3.322, p < 0.001c |
| Atrial fibrillation | 12/84 (14.3%) | 24/122 (19.7%) | 1.001/0.317a |
| Former stroke | 14/84 (16.7%) | 24/122 (19.7%) | 0.299/0.585a |
| Antiaggregant therapy on admission | 19/82 (23.2%) | 55/123 (44.7%) | 9.900/0.002a |
| Complications | |||
| Intracerebral bleeding | 2/84 (2.4%) | 6/122 (4.9.%) | 1.203/0.752a |
| Seizure | 1/84 (1.2%) | 2/122 (1.6%) | 0.070/0.792a |
| Recurrent stroke/TIA within 72 h | 0/84 (0%) | 2/122 (1.6%) | 1.391/0.238a |
| Infection within 72 h | 11/84 (13.1%) | 18/122 (14.8%) | 0.113/0.737a |
| Delirium | 3/84 (3.6%) | 7/122 (5.7%) | 0.505/0.477a |
| Pre-stroke living situation | |||
| German level of care (0–5) | 0: 80 (95.2%) | 0: 100 (82.6%) | 8.249/0.083a |
| 1: 0 (0%) | 1: 3 (2.5%) | ||
| 2: 3 (3.6%) | 2: 10 (8.3%) | ||
| 3: 1 (1.2%) | 3: 5 (4.1%) | ||
| 4: 0 (0%) | 4: 3 (2.5%) | ||
| 5: 0 (0%) | 5: 0 (0%) |
Parameters highlighted in bold indicate significant differences between the groups
aChi square, bparametric t-test, and cMann–Whitney U-Test used as appropriate