Table 1.
The main baseline characteristics for eligible patients divided by MACEs-related situation
| Indicators | Overall | MACEs | Non-MACEs | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 810 | 379 | 431 | |
| Male (n, %) | 571 (70.49) | 277 (73.09) | 294 (68.21) | 0.129 |
| Age (years) | 66 (57, 74) | 69 (61, 78) | 63 (55, 70) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.97 (23.38, 27.22) | 25.95 (24.27, 28.23) | 24 (22.84, 25.96) | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 136 (123, 149) | 139 (126, 156) | 132 (122, 145) | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79 (70, 86) | 80 (70, 87) | 79 (70, 85) | 0.888 |
| HR (bpm) | 72 (68, 80) | 76 (70, 82) | 70 (66, 76) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking (n, %) | 358 (44.2) | 168(44.33) | 190 (44.08) | 0.944 |
| Drinking (n, %) | 197 (24.32) | 99 (26.12) | 98 (22.74) | 0.263 |
| Case history (n, (%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 403 (49.75) | 203 (47.1) | 200 (52.77) | 0.107 |
| CKD a | 114 (14.07) | 85 (22.43) | 29 (6.73) | < 0.001 |
| OMI | 151 (18.64) | 110 (29.02) | 41 (9.51) | < 0.001 |
| Family history of CVDs | 258 (31.85) | 157 (41.42) | 101 (23.43) | < 0.001 |
| Number of coronary lesions (n, %) | ||||
| One-vessel disease | 629 (77.65) | 279 (73.61) | 350 (81.21) | 0.010 |
| Two-vessel disease | 146 (18.02) | 80 (21.11) | 66 (15.31) | 0.032 |
| Multi-vessel disease | 35 (4.32) | 20 (5.28) | 15 (3.48) | 0.210 |
| Cardiovascular medications (n, %) | ||||
| Anti-platelet | 809 (99.88) | 379 (100) | 430 (99.77) | 0.348 |
| Statins | 796 (98.27) | 373 (98.42) | 423 (98.14) | 0.766 |
| ACEI/ARB | 552 (68.15) | 246 (64.91) | 306 (71) | 0.063 |
| β-blockers | 613 (75.68) | 298 (78.63) | 315 (73.09) | 0.067 |
| CCB | 344 (42.47) | 148 (39.05) | 196 (45.48) | 0.065 |
| Nitrates | 251 (30.99) | 113 (29.82) | 138 (32.02) | 0.499 |
| Laboratory variables | ||||
| TC (mmol/L) | 3.83 (3.2, 4.71) | 3.76 (3.18, 4.98) | 3.83 (3.24, 4.57) | 0.290 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.44 (1.06, 1.94) | 1.65 (1.24, 2.04) | 1.26 (1.03, 1.74) | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.28 (1.81, 2.86) | 2.24 (1.71, 2.91) | 2.26 (1.87, 2.78) | 0.487 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.99 (0.83, 1.15) | 0.95 (0.76, 1.1) | 0.99 (0.87, 1.18) | 0.002 |
| HCY (µmol/L) | 14.11 (11.38, 17.97) | 16.45(12.99, 21.75) | 12.43 (10.7, 15.48) | < 0.001 |
| Hs-CRP (mg/L) | 2.08 (0.97, 4.58) | 3.45 (1.73, 9.13) | 1.44 (0.71, 2.47) | < 0.001 |
| Scr (µmol/L) | 75.8 (62.9, 90.3) | 79.8 (65.48, 99.08) | 72.5 (60.7, 84.3) | < 0.001 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.91 (5.13, 6.9) | 6.23 (5.27, 7.51) | 5.61 (5, 6.62) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.2 (5.8, 7.1) | 6.5 (5.9, 7.73) | 6.1 (5.7, 6.8) | < 0.001 |
| TyG index | 8.85 (8.48, 9.18) | 9.07 (8.72, 9.29) | 8.72 (8.41, 8.98) | < 0.001 |
| PAD indicators | ||||
| baPWV (m/s) | 17.2 (15.38, 22.1) | 22.66 (20.63, 25.09) | 15.48 (14.68, 16.21) | < 0.001 |
| ABI | 1.08 (0.92, 1.17) | 0.92 (0.8, 1) | 1.16 (1.12, 1.2) | < 0.001 |
| FMD (%) | 6.8 (6, 8) | 6 (5.6, 6.4) | 7.6 (7, 9) | < 0.001 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LAD (mm) | 38 (36, 40) | 40 (37, 43) | 37 (35, 38) | < 0.001 |
| LVDd (mm) | 51 (48, 54) | 53 (50, 56) | 49 (46, 52) | < 0.001 |
| IVST (mm) | 10 (9, 11) | 11 (10, 12) | 10 (9, 10) | < 0.001 |
| PWT (mm) | 9 (8, 10) | 10 (9, 10) | 9 (8, 9) | < 0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 65 (60, 69) | 61.5 (55, 67) | 67 (63, 71) | < 0.001 |
MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; CKD, chronic kidney disease; OMI, old myocardial infarction; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blockers; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HCY, homocysteine; Hs-CRP, hypersensitive C-reactive protein; Scr, serum creatinine; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; TyG, triglyceride-glucose; PAD, peripheral artery disease; baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; ABI, ankle-brachial index; FMD, brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation; LAD, left atrial diameter; LVDd, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; IVST, interventricular septal thickness; PWT, left ventricular posterior wall thickness; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction
a Defined as eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 on the basis of The KDIGO CKD Clinical Guideline