Table 2.
Laboratory findings in cattle with small intestinal strangulation (means ± standard deviations, medians with 25th to 75th percentiles, frequency distributions)
| Variable (Mean ± sd, Median with 25th to 75th percentiles) | Finding | Number of cows | Percent |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Haematocrit (n = 59) (36.8 ± 5.4%) |
Normal (30–35%) Decreased (25–29%) Increased (36–54%) |
22 3 34 |
37.3 5.1 57.6 |
|
Total leukocyte count (n = 59) (8,700, 6,600 − 10,400/μL) |
Normal (5,000–10,000/μL) Decreased (3,700-4,999/μL) Increased (10,001–18,300/μL) |
39 4 16 |
66.1 6.8 27.1 |
|
Total protein (n = 59) (80.0, 73–84 g/L) |
Normal (60–80 g/L) Increased (81–118 g/L) |
32 27 |
54.2 45.8 |
|
Fibrinogen (n = 58) (6.0, 4–8 g/L) |
Normal (4–7 g/L) Decreased (2.0-3.9 g/L) Increased (7.1–13.0 g/L) |
40 3 15 |
68.9 5.2 25.9 |
|
Urea (n = 60) (5.6, 4.6–8.3 mmol/L) |
Normal (2.7–6.5 mmol/L) Increased (6.6–42.9 mmol/L) |
37 23 |
61.7 38.3 |
|
Bilirubin (n = 60) (6.0, 3.9–9.3 μmol/L) |
Normal (0.5–6.5 μmol/L) Increased (6.6–34.0 μmol/L) |
34 26 |
56.7 43.3 |
|
Calcium (n = 29) (2.17, 1.93–2.40 mmol/L) |
Normal (2.30–2.60 mmol/L) Decreased (1.48–2.29 mmol/L) Increased (2.61–3.18 mmol/L) |
8 19 3 |
26.7 63.3 10.0 |
|
Magnesium (n = 28) (1.07, 0.92–1.31 mmol/L) |
Normal (0.80-1.00 mmol/L) Decreased (0.65–0.79 mmol/L) Increased (1.01–2.82 mmol/L) |
7 4 18 |
24.1 13.8 62.1 |
|
Inorganic phosphate (n = 28) (1.47, 1.18–1.98 mmol/L) |
Normal (1.30–2.40 mmol/L) Decreased (0.35–1.29 mmol/L) Increased (2.41–4.81 mmol/L) |
15 9 5 |
51.7 31.0 17.2 |
|
Chloride (n = 60) (101, 93–107 mmol/L) |
Normal (96–105 mmol/L) Decreased (61–95 mmol/L) Increased (106–117 mmol/L) |
24 18 18 |
40.0 30.0 30.0 |
|
Potassium (n = 60) (3.8 ± 0.8 mmol/L) |
Normal (4.0–5.0 mmol/L) Decreased (2.0-3.9 mmol/L) Increased (5.1–5.8 mmol/L) |
22 35 3 |
36.7 58.3 5.0 |
|
AST (n = 60) (84, 69–113 U/L) |
Normal (50–103 U/L) Increased (104–656 U/L) |
41 19 |
68.3 31.7 |
|
γ-GT (n = 60) (19, 15–23 U/L) |
Normal (9–30 U/L) Increased (31–276 U/L) |
52 8 |
86.7 13.3 |
|
pH (n = 47) (7.41 ± 0.07) |
Normal (7.41–7.45) Decreased (7.20–7.40) Increased (7.46–7.58) |
15 20 12 |
31.9 42.6 25.5 |
|
pCO2 (n = 47) (43.3, 39–51 mmHg) |
Normal (35.0–45.0 mmHg) Decreased (29.8–34.9 mmHg) Increased (45.1–70.8 mmHg) |
27 3 17 |
57.4 6.4 36.2 |
|
Bicarbonate (n = 47) (26.5, 22–32 mmol/l) |
Normal (20.0–30.0 mmol/L) Decreased (15.1–19.9 mmol/L) Increased (30.1–59.6 mmol/L) |
31 4 12 |
66.0 8.5 25.5 |
|
Base excess (n = 47) (2.4, -1.6- +5.0 mmol/L) |
Normal (-2 - +2 mmol/L) Decreased (-8.6 - -2.1 mmol/L) Increased (+ 2.1 - +25 mmol/L) |
14 9 24 |
29.8 19.1 51.1 |
|
Rumen chloride (n = 52) (25, 18–33 mmol/L) |
Normal (≤ 30 mmol/L) Increased (31–101 mmol/L) |
36 16 |
69.2 30.8 |