Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants and stratifies by NAFLD status at follow-up
| Variables | Total (N = 467,848) | Without NAFLD (N = 463,039) | With NAFLD (N = 4809) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 56.54 ± 8.10 | 56.54 ± 8.10 | 57.24 ± 7.82 | < .0001 |
| 60 | 264,770 (56.6%) | 262,152 (56.6%) | 2618 (54.4%) | 0.003 |
| ≥ 60 | 203,078 (43.4%) | 200,887 (43.4%) | 2191 (45.6%) | |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.069 | |||
| Female | 254,666 (54.4%) | 252,111 (54.4%) | 2555 (53.1%) | |
| Male | 213,182 (45.6%) | 210,928 (45.6%) | 2254 (46.9%) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
| White ethnicity | 423,403 (90.5%) | 419,120 (90.5%) | 4283 (89.1%) | |
| Mixed ethnicity | 17,114 (3.7%) | 16,918 (3.7%) | 196 (4.1%) | |
| Asian ethnicity | 16,292 (3.5%) | 16,114 (3.5%) | 178 (3.7%) | |
| Black ethnicity | 2630 (0.6%) | 2595 (0.6%) | 35 (0.7%) | |
| Chinese ethnicity | 1431 (0.3%) | 1419 (0.3%) | 12 (0.2%) | |
| Other ethnicities | 4162 (0.9%) | 4096 (0.9%) | 66 (1.4%) | |
| Missing | 2816 (0.6%) | 2777 (0.6%) | 39 (0.8%) | |
| TDI, (mean ± SD) | − 1.33 ± 3.07 | − 1.34 ± 3.06 | − 0.36 ± 3.45 | < .0001 |
| Missing | 572 (0.1%) | 567 (0.1%) | 5 (0.1%) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD) | 27.42 ± 4.77 | 27.38 ± 4.74 | 31.45 ± 5.64 | < .0001 |
| Normal weight | 154,047 (32.9%) | 153,596 (33.2%) | 451 (9.4%) | < .0001 |
| Overweight | 198,449 (42.4%) | 196,739 (42.5%) | 1710 (35.6%) | |
| Obesity | 113,500 (24.3%) | 110,885 (23.9%) | 2615 (54.4%) | |
| Missing | 1852 (0.4%) | 1819 (0.4%) | 33 (0.7%) | |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L (mean ± SD) | 5.70 ± 1.12 | 5.70 ± 1.12 | 5.48 ± 1.23 | < .0001 |
| Missing | 21,414 (4.6%) | 21,151 (4.6%) | 263 (5.5%) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 24,567 (5.3%) | 23,693 (5.1%) | 874 (18.2%) | < .0001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 112,423 (24.0%) | 110,510 (23.9%) | 1913 (39.8%) | < .0001 |
| Missing | 12,325 (2.6%) | 12,072 (2.6%) | 253 (5.3%) | |
| Lifestyle, n (%) | < .0001 | |||
| Unfavorable | 219,009 (46.8%) | 216,576 (46.8%) | 2433 (50.6%) | |
| Healthy | 214,285 (45.8%) | 212,514 (45.9%) | 1771 (36.8%) | |
| Missing | 34,554 (7.4%) | 33,949 (7.3%) | 605 (12.6%) | |
| Air pollution score (mean ± SD) | 53.87 ± 8.18 | 53.85 ± 8.17 | 55.41 ± 8.49 | < .0001 |
| Missing | 38,436 (8.2%) | 38,229 (8.3%) | 207 (4.3%) | |
| Adjusted T/S ratio (mean ± SD) | 0.83 ± 0.13 | 0.83 ± 0.13 | 0.82 ± 0.13 | < .0001 |
Abbreviations: NAFLD Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, SD Standard deviation, TDI Townsend deprivation index, BMI Body mass index
Continues variables displayed as means ± SD and categorical variables are displayed as numbers (percentages)