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. 2023 Oct 25;10:1279506. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1279506

Table 3.

Main outputs of different studies on the use of live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and by-products in cats.

Product Dose Results Ref.
LY SC (strain MUCL 39885; Biosprint®, Prosol S.p.A.) 0 (CON) or 7.5 × 1010 CFU SC/kg feed daily for 35 days (SUP) Digestion:

  • - ↑ Fecal DM (day 28).

 (73)
SCFP (XPC™, Diamond V) 0% (CON), 0.3% (SUP1) or 0.6% (SUP2) SCFP of diet for 25-day periods Fecal microbiota:

  • - ↓ Clostridium perfringens.


Hindgut fermentation products (fecal):

  • - ↑ Lactic acid.

  • - ↓ Isovaleric in SUP1.


Digestion:

  • - ↑ ATTD of CF and ash.

  • - ↓ GE in SUP2.

 (107)
Yeast extract (Nupro®, Alltech Brasil Ltda.) Exp. 1: 0% (CON) vs. 30% replacement by yeast extract (SUP). 10-day periods.
Exp. 2: 0% (CON) vs. 2% (SUP1), 4% (SUP2), 6% (SUP3), 8% (SUP4) and 10% (SUP5) replacement. 15-day periods.
Exp. 3: 0% vs. 2% replacement with yeast extract. 4 days.		 Exp. 1: yeast extract as an ingredient:

  • - According to ATTD, yeast extract is comparable to other protein sources.


Exp. 2: yeast extract as a functional additive:

  • - No changes.


Exp. 3: yeast extract as a palatability agent:

  • - Preference for control diet was observed.

 (108)
Yeast extract (Nupro®, Alltech Brasil Ltda.) 0% (CON), 0.6% phosphoric acid (SUP1), 1.5% yeast extract (SUP2), combination of A + Y (SUP3) for 15-day period. Digestion:

  • - ↑ ATTD of DM and ashes in SUP3.

  • - ↓ DM intake in SUP1 and SUP2.

 (109)
Yeast extract 0 (CON), 0.2 (SUP1), 0.4 (SUP2) or 0.6% (SUP3) yeast extract in wet food

  • - Changes on the intestinal mucosa in SUP3 were noticed, related with an inflammatory response.

 (110)
YCW Exp. 1: 0 (CON), 0.2 (SUP1), 0.4 (SUP2) or 0.6% (SUP3) YCW in wet food, for 30 days.
Exp. 2 (25 days): 0 (CON), 0.2 (SUP1), 0.4 (SUP2) or 0.6% (SUP3) YCW in dry food, for 25 days.
Exp. 3: 0 and 0.4% YCW in wet food for 10 days.		 Exp. 1: no changes.
Exp. 2: ↑ ATTD of DM, linearly with dosage.
Exp. 3: ↓ preference.		 (111)
Yeast-derived MOS (Bio-MOS, Alltech Inc.) 0% (CON), 0.2% (SUP1) 0.4% (SUP2) and 0.6% (SUP) inclusion of YCW for 34-day periods Fecal microbiota:

  • - ↓ Clostridium perfringens (linear) and Escherichia coli (quadratic).

  • - ↑ Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus with dosage.


Hindgut fermentation products (fecal):

  • - ↑ Butyrate, valerate, total biogenic amines, putrescine, cadaverine and histamine increased with dosage.


Digestion:

  • - ↑ Ash ATTD of ash. Increased with YCW content.

 (112)

AHEE, acid-hydrolyzed ether extract; ATTD, apparent total tract digestibility; BW, body weight; CF, crude fiber; CFU, colony forming units; CON, control group; CP, crude protein; DM, dry matter; GE, gross energy; LY, live yeast; OM, organic matter; Ref., reference; SC, Saccharomyces cerevisiae; SCFA, short-chain fatty acids; SUP, supplemented group; YCW, yeast cell wall.