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. 2023 Oct 25;14:1254753. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254753

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Copyright © 2023 Yan, Yang, Han, Ba, Shen, Lin, Li, Zhang, Huang, Huang, Qin, Wang, Tu and Chen

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The altered protein components of pro-inflammatory HDL in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have lower levels of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant proteins that are associated with HDL’s anti-inflammatory functionality. These proteins include Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), Platelet-activating Factor Acetyl Hydrolase (PAF-AH), LCAT, CETP, and Apo J etc. However, the levels of pro-inflammatory proteins such as Serum amyloid A (SAA), Ceruloplasmin (Cp), Transferrin (Tf), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) are increased.