Figure 7.
The Ks (synonymous substitution rate) and Ka (nonsynonymous substitution rate) were estimated using TBTools. The rectangular-like rate (λ) for rice was calculated to be 6.5 × 10−9. The date of the duplication event was determined using the formula T = Ks/2λ. This analysis provides insights into the timing and evolutionary dynamics of gene duplications in rice.