Table 3.
Results of baseline (T0) and post-intervention (T5) assessments.
| Variable | T0 (n = 40) | T5 (n = 36) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intention-to-treat (N = 40) | |||
| Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 scores) | |||
| Minimal: 0–4, n (%) | 1 (2.5) | 3 (8.3) | |
| Mild: 5–9, n (%) | 10 (25.0) | 13 (36.1) | |
| Moderate: 10–14, n (%) | 8 (20.0) | 10 (27.8) | |
| Moderately severe: 15–19, n (%) | 15 (37.5) | 7 (19.4) | |
| Severe: 20–27, n (%) | 6 (15.0) | 3 (8.3) | |
| Sum score, M (SD) | 14.13 (6.18) | 10.86 (5.32) | < 0.001 |
| Quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF scores) | |||
| Physical, M (SD) | 52.58 (19.32) | 56.05 (18.05) | 0.079 |
| Psychological, M (SD) | 41.44 (19.47) | 47.69 (19.40) | 0.005 |
| Social, M (SD) | 53.70 (17.64) | 56.94 (18.31) | 0.217 |
| Environmental, M (SD) | 68.32 (14.35) | 69.44 (16.13) | 0.432 |
| Credibility and Expectancy (CEQ score) | |||
| Credibility factor, M (SD) | 19.90 (4.09) | 18.48 (5.40) | 0.158 |
| Expectancy factor, M (SD) | 12.93 (3.33) | 11.03 (6.10) | 0.022 |
| T0 (n = 29) | T5 (n = 29) | p | |
| Per-protocol (N = 29) | |||
| Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 scores) | |||
| Minimal: 0–4, n (%) | 1 (3.4) | 3 (10.3) | |
| Mild: 5–9, n (%) | 6 (20.7) | 10 (34.5) | |
| Moderate: 10–14, n (%) | 8 (27.6) | 9 (31.0) | |
| Moderately severe: 15–19, n (%) | 10 (34.5) | 5 (17.2) | |
| Severe: 20–27, n (%) | 4 (13.8) | 2 (69.0) | |
| Sum score, M (SD) | 14.03 (6.12) | 10.48 (5.12) | < 0.001 |
| Quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF scores) | |||
| Physical, M (SD) | 52.46 (19.04) | 57.27 (17.74) | 0.038 |
| Psychological, M (SD) | 42.67 (18.92) | 50.29 (3.45) | 0.002 |
| Social, M (SD) | 55.17 (17.74) | 59.47 (18.99) | 0.168 |
| Environmental, M (SD) | 68.43 (2.63) | 69.50 (2.95) | 0.537 |
| Credibility and Expectancy (CEQ score) | |||
| Credibility factor, M (SD) | 19.62 (3.96) | 19.52 (4.87) | 0.898 |
| Expectancy factor, M (SD) | 13.35 (3.33) | 12.35 (6.00) | 0.260 |
Calculation of % from valid cases.