Figure 2. Loss of PGRN affects mitochondrial quality in aVSMC.

Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates (OCR) in PGRN+/+ and PGRN−/− aVSMC measured using the Seahorse XF Extracellular Flux 96 analyzer (A). ATP content, mitochondrial complex I activity, and NAD+/NADH ratio in PGRN+/+ and PGRN−/− aVSMC (B). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number relative to nuclear DNA (nuDNA) in PGRN+/+ and PGRN−/− aVSMC (C). Western blot for protein expression of OXPHOS in PGRN+/+ and PGRN−/− aVSMCs. β-actin was used as load control (D). Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) levels measured by MitoSox stain via flow cytometry in PGRN−/− and PGRN+/+ aVSMCs at basal condition (E) or under Antimycin A treatment (F). Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3–6). *P < 0.05 vs. PGRN+/+ aVSMC.