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[Preprint]. 2023 Nov 4:2023.11.03.23298055. [Version 1] doi: 10.1101/2023.11.03.23298055

Figure 1. Dynamic Hazard Ratio of CAD for Genomic and Clinical Risk Factors by Age at Estimation.

Figure 1.

The age-specific hazard ratio (HR) for risk of CAD is plotted for multiple risk factors at each age of enrollment (A) between 19 and 57 years in the FOS (N=3,588), and (B) between 40 and 70 years in the UK Biobank (N=327,837). The HR is obtained from Cox proportional hazards estimate at each age of enrollment for a standardized unit increase in each of polygenic score, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure or a binary indicator for smoking, male sex, and diabetes mellitus (only in the UK Biobank given the low prevalence of diabetes mellitus in FOS). We note the different time periods (1970–2010 and 2007–2021) for FOS and UKB, respectively. The difference in absolute values can thus not be considered as levels of these clinical risk factors varied between populations (Table 1) and between eras. Accordingly, excluding individuals on statins results in a different population in each cohort. No covariates are used in the analysis to isolate the effect of each risk factor separately.

HR: Hazard Ratio; HDL: High density lipoprotein, CAD: coronary artery disease, FOS: Framingham Offspring Cohort, 95% CI: 95% Confidence Interval.