Table 2.
Means and standard deviations (sd) of study scales at the three time points
| 2020 (n = 7925) | 2022 (n = 2117) | 2023 (n = 1806) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | |
| SHIS (scale 1–6) | 3.83 (1.04) | 3.84 (1.04) | 3.89 (1.00) |
| WEMS (scale 1–6) | 3.72 (0.86) | 3.88 (0.90) | 3.96 (0.85) |
| Supportive working conditions | 3.86 (0.73) | 4.21 (0.97) | 4.26 (0.93) |
| Internal work experiences | 4.56 (0.98) | 4.64 (0.97) | 4.66 (0.95) |
| Autonomy | 3.42 (1.20) | 3.57 (1.21) | 3.72 (1.18) |
| Time experience | 3.61 (1.30) | 3.71 (1.34) | 3.88 (1.28) |
| Leadership | 3.78 (1.26) | 3.93 (1.26) | 4.06 (1.21) |
| Process of change | 3.09 (1.28) | 3.20 (1.31) | 3.19 (1.27) |
| EPRES (scale 0–4) | 1.12 (0.49) | 1.05 (0.47) | 1.04 (0.48) |
| Temporariness | 0.53 (0.79) | 0.48 (0.79) | 0.53 (0.82) |
| Wages | 1.77 (0.80) | 1.71 (0.81) | 1.71 (0.85) |
| Disempowerment | 0.38 (0.73) | 0.38 (0.73) | 0.43 (0.74) |
| Vulnerability | 1.44 (0.92) | 1.25 (0.89) | 1.20 (0.85) |
| Rights | 1.38 (1.11) | 1.26 (1.03) | 1.21 (1.00) |
| Exercise of rights | 1.24 (0.82) | 1.18 (0.82) | 1.11 (0.80) |
| CVQ (scale 1–4) | 2.65 (0.57) | 2.72 (0.59) | 2.72 (0.59) |
| Transcendent summons | 2.44 (0.58) | 2.56 (0.62) | 2.53 (0.60) |
| Purposeful work | 2.50 (0.77) | 2.54 (0.64) | 2.54 (0.78) |
| Prosocial orientation | 3.01 (0.65) | 3.06 (0.59) | 3.07 (0.66) |
SHIS Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale, WEMS Work Experience Measurement Scale, EPRES Employment Precariousness Scale, CVQ Calling and Vocation Questionnaire