Fig. 4.

The association between iTMT centile scores and patients’ BMI ⁷⁷, height/weight⁷⁷, activity levels⁷⁸, nutrition⁷⁹, dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)⁸⁰, cholesterol⁸¹, and testosterone⁸² for patients aged 8–13 (Source: ABCD³⁰). Violin plots show the kernel density estimation of the distribution, with a boxplot overlay, with the median marked by a white dot, the interquartile range marked by the thick black bar, and the range by the thin black line. Statistically significant groups (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001) that are labeled with an asterisk (*) were tested with two-sided Mann–Whitney U-test. For age- and sex-specific definitions of normal/high/low ranges for physical biomarkers, refer to Supplementary Methods A8. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.