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. 2023 Nov 9;14:7264. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-43186-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a ToEVEs exhibit high variability (cover percentage) across the genomes of different individual planthoppers of Nilaparvata lugens (NlToEVEs) (comprising six populations), Laodelphax striatellus (LsToEVEs) (1 population), and Sogatella furcifera (SfToEVEs) (1 population). Abbreviations of six N. lugens populations, AUS: Australia; BGD: Bangladesh; EA: East Asia; CN_FJ: Fujian, China; SA: South Asia; SEA: Southeast Asia; b Estimated polymorphism level for ToEVEs in the populations of N. lugens, L. striatellus, and S. furcifera. Abbreviations, NlFEG: Fast-Evolving Genes of N. lugens; NlSEG: Slow-Evolving Genes of N. lugens; LsFEG: Fast-Evolving Genes of L. striatellus; LsSEG: Slow-Evolving Genes of L. striatellus; SfFEG: Fast-Evolving Genes of S. furcifera; SfSEG: Slow-Evolving Genes of S. furcifera. Bars in violin plots correspond to the medians. n = 256, 28, and 18 individuals in N. lugen, L. striatellus, S. furcifera, respectively. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.