Table 3. The relationship between students’ demographic factors and their motivation, self-efficacy, and learning engagement.

* Significant at p-value less than or equal to 0.05

IM: intrinsic motivation, EM: extrinsic motivation, SE: self-efficacy, LE: learning engagement, GPA: grade point average

		IM	EM	SE	LE	Students’ motivation	Enrollment motivation
		Mean	Mean	Mean	Mean	Mean	Mean
Method of admission	Medicine was my first choice	10.32	9.65	9.63	9.03	29.59	19.97
	Medicine was NOT my first choice	8.96	8.85	9.30	8.19	27.11	17.81
	P-value	0.00*	0.028*	0.048*	0.041*	0.000*	0.001*
GPA of the last semester	<3.5	10.47	9.59	9.50	8.66	29.56	20.06
	3.5-3.99	10.02	9.49	9.35	8.54	28.86	19.51
	4-4.49	9.92	9.36	9.26	8.90	28.55	19.29
	4.5-4.74	10.21	9.78	9.96	9.14	29.95	19.99
	4.75-5	10.42	9.66	9.71	9.15	29.79	20.08
	P-value	0.072	0.649	0.101	0.237	0.190	0.07
GPA (divided into two categories)	<4.5	10.06	9.45	9.34	8.72	28.85	19.51
	>4.5	10.35	9.70	9.79	9.15	29.84	20.05
	P-value	0.04*	0.175	0.012*	0.035*	0.041*	0.008*