Skip to main content
. 2023 Oct 26;7:e45353. doi: 10.2196/45353

Table 2.

Sampling rates (Rs) for each analyte found in the literature were used to calculate observed concentrations of analyte found in wastewater. Time-weighted average (Cw; ng/L).

Analyte Sampling rate (Rs) Source Cw (ng/L), median (IQR)
1,7-Dimethylxanthine 0.046 Bartelt-Hunt et al [23] 848.41 (572.09-2148.04)
Acetaminophen 0.048 Bartelt-Hunt et al [23] 2449.80 (1363.87-7337.70)
Caffeine 0.044 Bartelt-Hunt et al [23] 19 078.02 (9424.05-29,977.54)
Cotinine 0.034 Bartelt-Hunt et al [23] 259.51 (128.79-563.98)
MDMAa 0.222 Yargeau et al [24] 2.41 (0.24-4.14)
METHb 0.231 Yargeau et al [24] 63.03 (25.27-181.71)
Morphine 0.261 Yargeau et al [24] 11.36 (7.65-40.80)
Hydrocodone 0.050 Alvarez (personal communication) 43.09 (19.66-74.61)
Methadone 0.408 Yargeau et al [24] 5.27 (1.49-12.49)
Oxycodone 0.152 Yargeau et al [24] 13.25 (6.36-19.02)
Temazepam 0.421 MacLeod et al [25] 8.14 (3.95-17.97)

aMDMA: 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine.

bMETH: methamphetamine.