Table 1. Physician and Patient Characteristics.
| Characteristic | Participants, No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| All enrolled | Intervention group | Control group | |
| Physician characteristics | n = 20 | n = 10 | n = 10 |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 13 (65.0) | 6 (60.0) | 7 (70.0) |
| Male | 7 (35.0) | 4 (40.0) | 3 (30.0) |
| Race and ethnicity | |||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 4 (20.0) | 2 (20.0) | 2 (20.0) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 13 (65.0) | 7 (70.0) | 6 (60.0) |
| Othera | 3 (15.0) | 1 (10.0) | 2 (20.0) |
| Years since residency completion, mean (SD) | 19.7 (11.7) | 21.8 (14.5) | 17.5 (8.2) |
| Time spent in outpatient practice, % | |||
| 25-74 | 6 (30.0) | 5 (50.0) | 1 (10.0) |
| >75 | 14 (70.0) | 5 (50.0) | 9 (90.0) |
| Experience with cascades | |||
| Experienced once/y to a few times/y | 11 (55.0) | 5 (50.0) | 6 (60.0) |
| Experienced once/mo to once/wk | 9 (45.0) | 5 (50.0) | 4 (40.0) |
| Patient characteristics | n = 314 | n = 166 | n = 148 |
| Age at time of visit, mean (SD) | 50.2 (15.3) | 50.6 (15.8) | 49.8 (14.8) |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 210 (66.9) | 107 (64.5) | 103 (69.6) |
| Male | 100 (31.8) | 57 (34.3) | 43 (29.1) |
| Otherb | 4 (1.3) | 2 (1.2) | 2 (1.4) |
| Race and ethnicity | |||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 25 (8.0) | 15 (9.0) | 10 (6.8) |
| Hispanic | 13 (4.1) | 10 (6.0) | 3 (2.0) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 10 (3.2) | 6 (3.6) | 4 (2.7) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 246 (78.3) | 126 (75.9) | 120 (81.1) |
| Othera | 20 (6.4) | 9 (5.4) | 11 (7.4) |
| Highest educational attainment | |||
| No bachelor’s degree | 39 (12.4) | 12 (7.2) | 27 (18.2) |
| Bachelor’s degree | 118 (37.6) | 68 (41.0) | 50 (33.8) |
| Postgraduate degree | 156 (49.7) | 85 (51.2) | 71 (48.0) |
| Primary Insurance | |||
| Commercial | 262 (83.4) | 142 (85.5) | 120 (81.1) |
| Medicaid | 19 (6.1) | 8 (4.8) | 11 (7.4) |
| Medicare | 26 (8.3) | 14 (8.4) | 12 (8.1) |
| Otherc | 7 (2.2) | 2 (1.2) | 5 (3.4) |
| Less than 3 y with current PCPd | 138 (43.8) | 55 (17.5) | 83 (26.3) |
| Prefers to wait and see (vs take action on medical decisions) | 191 (60.8) | 103 (62) | 88 (59.5) |
| Prefers patient makes final medical decision (vs physician/both) | 133 (42.4) | 72 (43.4) | 61 (41.2) |
| How often does someone help read health materials? | |||
| All or some of the time | 49 (15.6) | 25 (15.1) | 24 (16.2) |
| A little of the time | 78 (24.8) | 42 (25.3) | 36 (24.3) |
| None of the time | 180 (57.3) | 95 (57.2) | 85 (57.4) |
| Not applicable | 7 (2.2) | 4 (2.4) | 3 (2.0) |
Abbreviation: PCP, primary care physician.
a
Other includes non-Hispanic of mixed racial background, some other race, and prefer not to answer.
b
Other includes gender variant or nonconforming and prefer not to answer.
c
Other includes self-insured, worker’s compensation, and UniCare Group Insurance Commission.
d
Years with PCP includes multiply imputed values for 74 patients.