Table 3.
Child Behavioral Checklist, comparing the probiotic and control group results at baseline and follow-up measurements
| CBCL Parent Form (Raw score) | Probiotics (N = 36) | Control (N = 40) | p- Value(M) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | ∆ | p-Value(W) | Before | After | ∆ | p- Value(W) | ||||
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | d | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | d | ||||
| Syndrome scale (Internalizing) | 17 ± 1.3 | 14 ± 6 | -3.1 ± 6.31 | 0.006* | 0.62 | 16.5 ± 2.3 | 15.7 ± 2 | -0.7 ± 2.7 | 0.064 | 0.41 | 0.007* |
| Syndrome scale (Externalizing) | 18.14 ± 2.4 | 15.31 ± 3.6 | -2.83 ± 4.5 | 0.001* | 0.71 | 17.8 ± 3.4 | 17.2 ± 3 | -0.6 ± 3 | 0.209 | 0.3 | 0.007* |
| Total Score | 57.8 ± 3.4 | 53 ± 9.6 | -5 ± 9.3 | 0.002* | 0.70 | 58.8 ± 3.4 | 57.7 ± 3.5 | -1.13 ± 4.23 | 0.072 | 0.40 | 0.007* |
| CBCL Parent Form (T score) | |||||||||||
| Syndrome scale (Internalizing) | 68.83 ± 2.3 | 66 ± 4.5 | -2.8 ± 4.2 | 0.001* | 0.74 | 68.5 ± 2 | 68 ± 2.2 | -0.6 ± 2.7 | 0.055 | 0.43 | 0.014* |
| Syndrome scale (Externalizing) | 69.6 ± 3.5 | 66.5 ± 4.3 | -3.11 ± 4.7 | < 0.001* | 0.85 | 69.25 ± 3.3 | 68.6 ± 4 | -0.67 ± 3.3 | 0.556 | 0.13 | 0.002* |
| Total Score | 67.8 ± 6.6 | 62.7 ± 4.8 | -5 ± 7.8 | 0.001* | 0.71 | 68 ± 6 | 65.8 ± 6 | -2.2 ± 8 | 0.0.82 | 0.40 | 0.024* |
CBCL Child Behavioral Checklist
(W)Wilcoxon signed-rank test (Before vs. after comparison for each group separately), ∆ (After minus Before, (M) Mann–Whitney U-test (∆ comparison between the groups),*p < 0.05; d, The Cohen’s d effect size