Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of 8513 Participants According to TyG index in the NHANES 1999–2018
| Characteristics | No. (weighted, %) | Total | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartiles of TyG index | ||||||
| Q1 (n = 2128) (6.76–8.37) | Q2 (n = 2128) (8.38–8.79) | Q3 (n = 2128) (8.80–9.21) | Q4 (n = 2129) (9.22–12.55) | |||
| TyG index | 8.04 ± 0.01 | 8.59 ± 0.00 | 8.99 ± 0.00 | 9.70 ± 0.01 | 8.84 ± 0.01 | < 0.001 |
| Age, years | 55.02 ± 0.48 | 57.55 ± 0.49 | 58.15 ± 0.39 | 56.83 ± 0.38 | 56.91 ± 0.24 | < 0.001 |
| Sex | < 0.001 | |||||
| Female | 1097 (53.42) | 1073 (51.06) | 1100 (51.37) | 953 (42.68) | 4223 | |
| Male | 1031 (46.58) | 1055 (48.94) | 1028 (48.63) | 1176 (57.32) | 4290 | |
| Ethnicity | < 0.001 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 853 (65.11) | 1046 (73.65) | 1095 (75.28) | 1095 (76.64) | 4089 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 846 (22.00) | 498 (11.15) | 351 (8.47) | 281 (6.57) | 1976 | |
| Mexican American | 180 (4.00) | 280 (5.27) | 338 (5.47) | 437 (6.50) | 1235 | |
| Other Race | 132 (5.52) | 160 (6.36) | 152 (5.45) | 136 (5.93) | 580 | |
| Other Hispanic | 117 (3.37) | 144 (3.57) | 192 (5.33) | 180 (4.35) | 633 | |
| Education level | < 0.001 | |||||
| Less than high school | 211 (5.48) | 288 (6.97) | 309 (7.31) | 395 (8.92) | 1203 | |
| High school | 836 (35.65) | 858 (39.04) | 857 (39.61) | 901 (41.07) | 3452 | |
| More than high school | 1081 (58.87) | 982 (533.99) | 962 (53.08) | 833 (50.01) | 3858 | |
| Alcohol consumption | 0.03 | |||||
| Never | 316 (11.50) | 319 (11.66) | 340 (13.17) | 348 (13.28) | 1323 | |
| Former | 438 (17.10) | 465 (17.70) | 492 (19.92) | 559 (22.48) | 1954 | |
| Mild | 764 (38.50) | 798 (40.67) | 742 (39.12) | 674 (36.57) | 2978 | |
| Moderate | 304 (17.39) | 256 (14.60) | 230 (12.09) | 214 (12.58) | 1004 | |
| Heavy | 306 (15.50) | 290 (15.37) | 324 (15.69) | 334 (15.09) | 1254 | |
| Smoking status | < 0.001 | |||||
| Never | 1135 (52.51) | 1052 (49.37) | 1089 (49.62) | 945 (43.53) | 4221 | |
| Former | 605 (28.22) | 692 (33.47) | 686 (32.58) | 750 (35.71) | 2733 | |
| Current | 388 (19.26) | 384 (17.16) | 353 (17.80) | 434 (20.76) | 1559 | |
| PIR | 3.06 ± 0.06 | 3.04 ± 0.06 | 2.99 ± 0.06 | 2.99 ± 0.06 | 3.02 ± 0.04 | 0.72 |
| MET, min/week | 3454.14 ± 197.46 | 3126.10 ± 187.70 | 2478.83 ± 177.88 | 2833.40 ± 156.55 | 2978.21 ± 106.16 | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.59 ± 0.20 | 30.19 ± 0.18 | 31.50 ± 0.23 | 32.47 ± 0.20 | 30.71 ± 0.11 | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mm/Hg | 131.91 ± 0.50 | 132.76 ± 0.53 | 133.15 ± 0.62 | 134.24 ± 0.46 | 133.03 ± 0.30 | 0.003 |
| DBP, mm/Hg | 72.33 ± 0.45 | 73.19 ± 0.45 | 73.25 ± 0.41 | 74.37 ± 0.40 | 73.30 ± 0.25 | 0.003 |
| Uncontrolled hypertension | 933 (38.75) | 968 (40.45) | 986 (41.85) | 1003 (43.10) | 3890 | < 0.001 |
| Blood glucose | 98.53 ± 0.38 | 103.98 ± 0.45 | 111.49 ± 0.71 | 138.65 ± 1.74 | 113.33 ± 0.59 | < 0.001 |
| Insulin, uu/mL | 10.33 ± 0.44 | 12.79 ± 0.25 | 16.05 ± 0.36 | 22.14 ± 0.61 | 15.38 ± 0.25 | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.48 ± 0.01 | 5.61 ± 0.01 | 5.80 ± 0.03 | 6.44 ± 0.05 | 5.83 ± 0.02 | < 0.001 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 65.77 ± 0.54 | 105.90 ± 0.48 | 149.39 ± 0.85 | 275.37 ± 4.54 | 150.04 ± 1.84 | < 0.001 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 183.98 ± 1.15 | 196.55 ± 1.16 | 201.36 ± 1.14 | 210.93 ± 1.53 | 210.93 ± 1.53 | < 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.58 ± 0.11 | 3.35 ± 0.07 | 4.53 ± 0.14 | 8.03 ± 0.28 | 4.65 ± 0.09 | < 0.001 |
| HOMA-IS | 0.71 ± 0.02 | 0.49 ± 0.01 | 0.38 ± 0.01 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 0.45 ± 0.01 | < 0.001 |
| ePWV (m/s) | 9.20 ± 0.06 | 9.54 ± 0.07 | 9.56 ± 0.06 | 9.43 ± 0.05 | 9.47 ± 0.03 | < 0.001 |
| Anti-hypertensive agents | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 1708 (82.03) | 1652 (77.63) | 1595 (75.43) | 1585 (74.85) | 6540 | |
| Yes | 420 (17.97) | 476 (22.37) | 533 (24.57) | 544 (25.15) | 1973 | |
| Anti-diabetic agents | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 1946 (93.82) | 1873 (91.43) | 1730 (85.04) | 1375 (70.04) | 6924 | |
| Yes | 182 (6.18) | 255 (8.57) | 398 (14.96) | 754 (29.96) | 1589 | |
| Anti-hyperlipidemia agents | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 1572 (75.00) | 1484 (69.85) | 1399 (65.92) | 1323 (61.96) | 5778 | |
| Yes | 556 (25.00) | 644 (30.15) | 729 (34.08) | 806 (38.04) | 2735 | |
| Diabetes | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 1805 (88.60) | 1669 (83.12) | 1434 (72.64) | 927 (52.59) | 5835 | |
| Yes | 323 (11.40) | 459 (16.88) | 694 (27.36) | 1202 (47.41) | 2678 | |
| Hyperlipidemia | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 797 (38.39) | 444 (20.01) | 182 (8.05) | 40 (1.26) | 1463 | |
| Yes | 1331 (61.61) | 1684 (79.99) | 1946 (91.95) | 2089 (98.74) | 7050 | |
| CVD | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 1761 (85.34) | 1726 (83.83) | 1693 (82.67) | 1618 (78.38) | 6798 | |
| Yes | 367 (14.66) | 402 (16.17) | 435 (17.33) | 511 (21.62) | 1715 | |
| CKD | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 1577 (79.48) | 1546 (77.48) | 1473 (74.97) | 1302 (69.19) | 5898 | |
| Yes | 551 (20.52) | 582 (22.52) | 655 (25.03) | 827 (30.81) | 2615 | |
| All-cause mortality | < 0.001 | |||||
| Alive | 1679 (83.23) | 1554 (78.96) | 1552 (78.71) | 1488 (76.27) | 6273 | |
| Death | 449 (16.77) | 574 (21.04) | 576 (21.29) | 641 (23.73) | 2240 | |
| CVD mortality | 0.01 | |||||
| Alive | 1985 (94.91) | 1929 (92.79) | 1924 (93.08) | 1905 (91.82) | 7743 | |
| Death | 143 (5.09) | 199 (7.21) | 204 (6.92) | 224 (8.18) | 770 | |
All values were presented as mean ± SE, or counts (weighted, proportion)
TyG index, triglyceride-glucose index; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Q, quartiles; BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent; PIR, family income to poverty ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin type A1C; ePWV, estimated pulse wave velocity; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease