Table 5.
Results of Multivariable Logistic Regression of Factors Independently Associated with Bradycardia After Induction of General Anesthesia Among Pediatric Patients Operated at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia (n=205)
| Variables | Categories | AOR (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASA class | ASA-I | 1 | ||
| ASA-II | 1.95 (8.20–24.74) | 0.08 | ||
| Risk of hypoxia (desaturation) | No | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1.33 (0.12–1.46) | 0.04 | ||
| Premedications | Anticholinergics | Yes | 1 | |
| No | 0.59 (0.04–8.44) | 0.20 | ||
| Opioids | No | 1 | ||
| Yes | 2.40 (0.03–0.22) | 0.01 | ||
| Induction of general anesthesia | IV induction | Yes | 1 | |
| No | 1.03 (3.15–13.9) | 0.21 | ||
| Inhalational induction | No | 1 | ||
| Yes | 10.5 (2.80–39.7) | 0.02 | ||
| Induction agent | Halothane | No | 1 | |
| Yes | 1.50 (1.22–14.5) | 0.04 | ||
| Airway management | Face mask | No | 1 | |
| Yes | 19.5 (0.49–7.75) | 0.11 | ||
| ETT | No | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1.38 (3.56–5.41) | 0.12 | ||
| Difficult intubation | No | 1 | ||
| Yes | 2.35 (0.46–0.88) | 0.001 | ||
| Maintenance of anesthesia | Isoflurane | 1 | ||
| Halothane | 0.13 (0.04–8.44) | 0.43 | ||
| Propofol | 0.71 (0.08–24.83) | 0.89 | ||
| Others (ketofol, ketamine) | 0.70 (0.00–2.0) | 0.38 | ||
| Types of surgery | Others (ortho, plastic, OMFS) | 1 | 0.53 | |
| ENT | 0.23 (0.01–0.27) | 0.43 | ||
| Urology | 0.61 (1.11–80) | 0.37 | ||
| Neurosurgery | 0.30 (10.0–22.2) | 0.26 | ||
| General surgery | 0.40 (1.02–5.22) | 0.25 | ||
| Intraoperative complications | No | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1.65 (0.04–0.77) | 0.02 | ||
| Complications | No | 1 | 0.09 | |
| Hypoxia | 6.5 (5.22–45.12) | 0.03 | ||
| Significant blood loss | 14.6 (1.75–5.76) | 0.04 | ||
| Hypoglycemia | 0.24 (4.14–11.9) | 0.73 | ||
Notes: Bold: Significant association on multivariable logistic regression.