TABLE 2. Assessment for Need of Doula Care Presented as Number (Percentage) of Respondents.
| Response variable | N (%) | p for age | p for income | p for parity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of births | <.0001 | .4231 | N/A | |
| 1–2 previous births | 341 (67.1) | |||
| 3–4 previous births | 129 (25.4) | |||
| 5+ previous births | 26 (5.1) | |||
| Never given birth, currently pregnant | 8 (1.6) | |||
| Never given birth | 4 (.8) | |||
| Family or friend at birth | .0037 | .3681 | .0081 | |
| Yes, at all of my births | 461 (90.7) | |||
| Yes, at some of my births | 18 (3.5) | |||
| No, not with me when I gave birth | 17 (3.3) | |||
| N/A, missing | 12 (2.4) | |||
| Types of previous birthsa | ||||
| Vaginal | 358 (70.5) | .1441 | .4884 | <.0001 |
| Scheduled cesarean | 58 (11.4) | .0008 | .0534 | .5543 |
| Unscheduled cesarean | 140 (27.8) | .2483 | .5325 | .0761 |
| Vaginal after cesarean | 41 (8.1) | .0161 | .1681 | .0019 |
| Cesarean after cesarean | 28 (5.5) | .05295 | .4451 | .7997 |
| Unsure/prefer not to answer | 0 (.0) | |||
| Preterm birth | .0161 | .0276 | .0043 | |
| Yes | 77 (15.2) | |||
| No | 419 (82.5) | |||
| N/A, missing | 12 (2.4) | |||
| Low birth weight | .0067 | .0195 | .0001 | |
| Yes | 51 (10.0) | |||
| No | 445 (87.6) | |||
| N/A, missing | 12 (2.4) | |||
| Interventions used during labora | ||||
| Induction | 213 (41.9) | .0596 | .1374 | .0109 |
| Pitocin | 282 (55.5) | .0008 | .1543 | .0039 |
| IV fluid | 340 (66.9) | .4047 | .166 | <.0001 |
| Heart rate monitoring | 402 (79.1) | .0042 | .9556 | <.0001 |
| None | 57 (11.2) | .7975 | .6745 | .6203 |
| Unsure/prefer not to answer | 0 (.0) | |||
| Duration of support during postpartum | .2107 | .2460 | .8938 | |
| 1–7 days | 205 (40.4) | |||
| 2–3 weeks | 126 (24.8) | |||
| 1 month | 30 (5.9) | |||
| >1 month | 123 (24.2) | |||
| Unsure/prefer not to answer | 12 (2.4) | |||
| N/A, missing | 12 (2.4) | |||
| Duration of breastfeeding | <.0001 | <.0001 | .0047 | |
| ≤1 month | 37 (7.3) | |||
| 2–3 months | 39 (7.7) | |||
| 4–6 months | 24 (4.7) | |||
| 6–12 months | 82 (16.1) | |||
| Did not breastfeed | 40 (7.9) | |||
| Unsure/prefer not to answer | 12 (2.4) | |||
| N/A, missing | 12 (2.4) | |||
| Most recent pregnancy | ||||
| Discuss birth plan with loved one | <.0001 | .3354 | .6799 | |
| Frequently | 345 (67.9) | |||
| Occasionally | 107 (21.1) | |||
| Rarely | 22 (4.3) | |||
| Never | 9 (1.8) | |||
| N/A, missing | 25 (4.9) | |||
| Provider discussion of birth plan | .0025 | .1059 | .2504 | |
| Frequently | 223 (43.9) | |||
| Occasionally | 171 (33.7) | |||
| Rarely | 73 (14.4) | |||
| Never | 14 (2.8) | |||
| N/A, missing | 27 (5.3) | |||
| Prior pregnancies | ||||
| Discussed birth plan with loved one | .0345 | .7761 | .0290 | |
| Frequently | 365 (71.9) | |||
| Occasionally | 112 (22.0) | |||
| Rarely | 20 (3.9) | |||
| Never | 5 (1.0) | |||
| N/A, missing | 6 (1.2) | |||
| Provider discussed birth plan | .0011 | .8143 | .1594 | |
| Frequently | 235 (46.3) | |||
| Occasionally | 112 (22.0) | |||
| Rarely | 20 (3.9) | |||
| Never | 5 (1.0) | |||
| N/A, missing | 6 (1.2) | |||
| Having a birth plan is important | .1483 | .4635 | .1480 | |
| Agree | 365 (71.9) | |||
| Neutral | 109 (21.5) | |||
| Disagree | 21 (4.1) | |||
| Unsure | 6 (1.2) | |||
| N/A, missing | 7 (1.4) | |||
| Confident in body’s ability to birth a baby | .5583 | .597 | .0328 | |
| Agree | 400 (78.7) | |||
| Neutral | 54 (10.6) | |||
| Disagree | 34 (6.7) | |||
| Unsure | 8 (1.6) | |||
| N/A, missing | 12 (2.4) | |||
| Provider respected wishes for birth | .5972 | .2352 | .8929 | |
| Agree | 408 (80.3) | |||
| Neutral | 57 (11.2) | |||
| Disagree | 29 (5.7) | |||
| Unsure | 2 (.4) | |||
| N/A, missing | 12 (2.4) | |||
| Understood the stages of labor | .3327 | .2766 | .1233 | |
| Agree | 417 (82.1) | |||
| Neutral | 48 (9.4) | |||
| Disagree | 27 (5.3) | |||
| Unsure | 3 (.6) | |||
| N/A, missing | 13 (2.6) | |||
| Having a birth plan was important | .2284 | .9649 | .0074 | |
| Agree | 335 (66.0) | |||
| Neutral | 112 (22.0) | |||
| Disagree | 51 (10.0) | |||
| Unsure | 5 (1.0) | |||
| N/A, missing | 5 (1.0) |
Note. N/A = not applicable.
aDenotes that respondents could choose more than one response; 481–503 total respondents per section excluding “N/A, missing.”