Table 1.
Main characteristics of included studies.
| Author | Year | Age | Study location | Criteria | Antibody | Methods | QUADAS-2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assassi[1] | 2009 | 62.7 ± 7.81 | America | Clinical features* | AMA/M2 | IIF/ELISA | 6 |
| Bandin[2] | 1996 | NR | France | NR | AMA | IIF | 8 |
| Bargou[3] | 2008 | 58.9 ± 13.4 | Tunisia | NR | AMA/M2 | IIF/ELISA | 7 |
| Cavazzana[4] | 2011 | 48 ± 11.7 | Italy | EASL | AMA | IIF | 8 |
| Chung[5] | 2016 | 53 (32–72) | UK | NR | AMA | ELISA | 6 |
| Dighiero[6] | 1987 | NR | France | NR | AMA/M2 | IIF/ELISA | 5 |
| Gabeta[7] | 2007 | 62 (19–87) | Greece | Clinical features* | AMA/M2 | IIF/ELISA | 8 |
| Guatibonza-García[8] | 2021 | 56.9 ± 10.2 | Colombia | Biopsy | AMA | IIF | 5 |
| Han[9] | 2017 | 56.9 (28–85) | Korea | AASLD 2009 | AMA/M2 | IIF/ELISA | 8 |
| Hu[10] | 2011 | 54.0 (46–60.3) | China | AASLD 2000 | AMA/M2 | IIF/ELISA | 6 |
| Imura-Kumada[11] | 2012 | 56.7 ± 8.4 | Japan | NR | M2 | ELISA | 7 |
| Jong-Hon[12] | 2001 | NR | Japan | NR | AMA | IIF | 6 |
| Lee[13] | 1983 | NR | America | Clinical features* | AMA | IIF | 5 |
| Liu and Liu[14] | 2010 | 55 ± 15 | China | EASL | AMA | IIF | 7 |
| Liu and Norman[15] | 2010 | NR | Multicenter† | EASL | AMA | IIF | 6 |
| Lu[16] | 2017 | 52.94 ± 1.49 | China | AASLD 2009 | M2 | NR | 7 |
| Milkiewicz[17] | 2009 | 48 ± 2 | Canada | Clinical features* | M2 | ELISA | 6 |
| Muratori[18] | 2004 | 58.1 ± 14 | Italy | Clinical features* | AMA/M2 | IIF/ELISA/WB | 7 |
| Nagai[19] | 1983 | NR | Japan | Clinical features* | AMA/M2 | IIF/ELISA | 5 |
| Oertelt[20] | 2007 | 67 (35–82) | Italy | Clinical features* | AMA | ELISA | 7 |
| Romero-Gómez[21] | 2004 | 55.4 ± 12.5 | Spain | Clinical features* | AMA | IIF | 8 |
| Sakugawa[22] | 2003 | 22–88 | Japan | Clinical features* | AMA | IIF | 8 |
| Sun[23] | 2019 | 32–76 | China | AASLD 2009 | AMA/M2 | IIF/WB | 7 |
| Tang[24] | 2017 | 45 (19–61) | China | AASLD 2009 | M2 | ELISA | 8 |
| Villalta[25] | 2015 | 41.1 (2–87) | Italy | AASLD 2009 | AMA/M2 | IIF/Line blot | 7 |
| Wang[26] | 2015 | 52 (44–77) | China | AASLD 2009 | AMA/M2 | ELISA/ELISA | 7 |
| Yang J[27] | 2016 | 56.89 ± 9.87 | China | EASL | AMA/M2 | NR/NR | 8 |
| Yang Z[28] | 2012 | 56 ± 12 | China | AASLD 2009 | AMA | IIF | 7 |
AASLD = the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, AMA/M2 = anti-mitochondrial antibody/M2 subtype, AU = arbitrary units, EASL = European Association for the Study of the Liver, ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, IIF, indirect immunofluorescence, NR = not reported, WB = Western blot.
*
Including histological findings, biochemical liver function tests, imaging, or clinical features.
†
Including United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Greece, Italy, Japan.