Table 4.
Relationships between serum sodium levels and outcomes stratified by kidney function status
| Natremia Status | Kidney Function Status | In-Hospital Mortality (n=27,482) | Discharge to Hospice (n=10,238) | Discharge to Nursing Facility (n=153,695) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | OR (95% CI)a | n (%) | OR (95% CI)a | n (%) | OR (95% CI)a | ||
| NormoNa | Normal | 11,719 (43) | Reference | 6718 (66) | Reference | 109,546 (71) | Reference |
| CKD | 429 (2) | 0.42 (0.38 to 0.47) | 371 (4) | 0.42 (0.38 to 0.47) | 5767 (4) | 0.82 (0.79 to 0.85) | |
| AKI | 3905 (14) | 4.43 (4.26 to 4.61) | 1021 (10) | 1.63 (1.52 to 1.75) | 11,022 (7) | 1.47 (1.43 to 1.51) | |
| AKI on CKD | 692 (3) | 1.5 (1.38 to 1.63) | 384 (4) | 0.86 (0.77 to 0.96) | 3980 (3) | 1.22 (1.17 to 1.27) | |
| Mild HyperNa | Normal | 3312 (12) | 6.21 (5.95 to 6.48) | 830 (8) | 2.45 (2.27 to 2.64) | 12,334 (8) | 2.5 (2.44 to 2.57) |
| CKD | 134 (0.5) | 2.07 (1.74 to 2.46) | 74 (0.7) | 0.55 (0.39 to 0.76) | 921 (0.6) | 1.71 (1.56 to 1.88) | |
| AKI | 1929 (7) | 13.81 (13.03 to 14.64) | 321 (3) | 3.01 (2.66 to 3.40) | 4174 (3) | 3.64 (3.48 to 3.80) | |
| AKI on CKD | 355 (1) | 4.95 (4.39 to 5.59) | 147 (1) | 2.27 (1.91 to 2.70) | 1581 (1) | 3.07 (2.84 to 3.32) | |
| Moderate HyperNa | Normal | 1561 (6) | 46.97 (43.77 to 50.4) | 148 (1) | 7.33 (6.15 to 8.75) | 1697 (1) | 6.18 (5.76 to 6.63) |
| CKD | 48 (0.2) | 8.46 (5.64 to 12.7) | 9 (0.1) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 90 (0.1) | 3.14 (2.29 to 4.31) | |
| AKI | 1031 (4) | 55.59 (50.57 to 61.1) | 107 (1) | 7.39 (5.92 to 9.23) | 1107 (0.7) | 8.17 (7.44 to 8.98) | |
| AKI on CKD | 183 (0.7) | 17.59 (14.21 to 21.76) | 31 (0.3) | 0.73 (0.33 to 1.64) | 368 (0.2) | 6.09 (5.08 to 7.30) | |
| Severe HyperNa | Normal | 1374 (5) | 287.69 (258.49 to 320.19) | 30 (0.3) | 4.71 (2.58 to 8.59) | 522 (0.3) | 15.74 (13.82 to 17.93) |
| CKD | 29 (0.1) | 300.4 (53.59 to 1683.92) | 7 (0.1) | 0.07 (0.07 to 0.07) | 22 (0.0) | 282.09 (53.99 to 1473.98) | |
| AKI | 672 (2) | 160.01 (139.18 to 183.95) | 31 (0.3) | 11.6 (7.96 to 16.91) | 443 (0.3) | 14.9 (12.76 to 17.41) | |
| AKI on CKD | 109 (0.4) | 171.2 (112.47 to 260.59) | 9 (0.1) | 1.35 (0.17 to 10.72) | 121 (0.1) | 25.1 (16.27 to 38.71) | |
eGFR was calculated using the race-free Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Patients were classified in the database according to the reported International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for kidney function. The AKI on CKD group had an inflated eGFR because of their AKI status compared with their initial CKD classification. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; NormoNa, normonatremia; HyperNa, hypernatremia.
a
Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.