TABLE 1.
Phytochemical components of Phyllanthus emblica.
| No. | Extraction method | Analytic | Bioactiv compund identified | Part of the plant | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Technique | |||||
| 1 | etylacetate | GC-MS | - Citronellyl Propionate | fruit | Acharya (2016) |
| - 1-Methyl-4 Isopropyl-Cyclohexyl 2-Hydroperfluorobutanoate | |||||
| - Citronellyl Acetate | |||||
| −3,7,11,15-Tetra Methyl-2 Hexadecen-1-Ol | |||||
| - Bicyclo (2.2.1) - Heptane,1,3,3-Trimethyl- | |||||
| - 7-Octadecyne,2-Methyl | |||||
| - Bicyclo(2.2.1) Heptane, 1,7,7-Trimethyl- | |||||
| - Bicyclo(3.1.1) Heptane,2,6,6-Trimethyl- | |||||
| - Bicyclo(2.2.1) Heptane,2,2,3-Trimethyl-Endo- | |||||
| - Cyclohexane, 1-Methyl-4-(1-Methylethenyl)- Cis- | |||||
| 2 | petroleum ether | GC-MS | - Hentriacontane | Leaf | Elangovan and Irulappan (2015) |
| - Dotriacontane | |||||
| - Tetracontane | |||||
| - Tritetracontane | |||||
| - Pentacosane | |||||
| - Octadecanoic Acid | |||||
| - Methyl Ester | |||||
| - Vitamin E | |||||
| 3 | n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvents | GC-MS | - 9-Octadecene | Stem bark | Quranayati et al. (2023) |
| - Methyl Palmitate | |||||
| - 1-Octadecene | |||||
| - 1-Tetracosanol | |||||
| - Docosanoic Acid | |||||
| - Cyclopropane, 1-(1-Hydroxy-1-Heptyl)-2-Methylene-3-Pentyl | |||||
| - 1-Pentadecene | |||||
| - 1-Hexadecene | |||||
| - 9-Eicosene, (E)- | |||||
| - Neophytadiene | |||||
| 4 | methyl salicylate | GC-MS | - 2-Methyl Butyl Acetate | fruit | Amir, et al. (2014) |
| - Isopropyl,2-Methyl Butyrate | |||||
| −2,4-Hexadienol | |||||
| - Benzaldehyde | |||||
| - Menthane | |||||
| - Decane | |||||
| - Butyl Cyclohexane | |||||
| - Butyl Cyclohexene | |||||
| - Acetophenone | |||||
| - Undecane | |||||
| 5 | N-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, and Ethanol | GC-MS | - 2-Furanmethanol | Leaf | Asmilia et al. (2020) |
| - 1h-Cyclopropaanaphthalene | |||||
| - Trans-Caryophyllene | |||||
| - Cyclohexane | |||||
| - Caryophyllene | |||||
| - Sativen | |||||
| - Delta-Guaiene | |||||
| - Tetradecanoic Acid | |||||
| - Octadecanal | |||||
| - 3-Eicosyne | |||||
| 6 | Methanol | GC-MS | - Octyl-Β-D-Glucopyranoside | fruit | Dinesh et al. (2016) |
| 7 | Ethanol | GC-MS | - Galacturonic Acid | fruit | Li et al. (2019) |
| - Glucuronic Acid | |||||
| - The Monosaccharide Standard | |||||
| - Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride N-Propylamine | |||||
| - 3-Phenylphenol | |||||
| - Trifluoroacetic Acid | |||||
| 8 | Ethanol and methanol | GC-MS | −1,2,3-Benzenetriol | fruit | Nair et al. (2020) |
| - Hexadecanoic Acid | |||||
| - 2-Tert-Butyl-4-Iso Propyl-5 Methyl Phenol | |||||
| - 9-Octadecenoic Acid | |||||
| - Octadecanoic Acid | |||||
| 9 | Methanol | GC-MS | −1,5-Hexanediol | leaf | Abdel-Hady et al. (2022) |
| - D-Mannose | |||||
| −1,3-Dimethylindole | |||||
| −24,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D | |||||
| - Pyrrolizin-1,7-Dione-6- Carboxylic Acid, Methyl (Ester) | |||||
| - Phenol,2,4-Di-Tert-Butyl- | |||||
| - Menthol,1'-[Butyln-3-One-1- Yl)-, (1r, 2s, 5r) | |||||
| −10-Heptadecen-8-Ynoic Acid, Methyl Ester. (E) | |||||
| - Vitamin A Palmitate | |||||
| - Cis-11-Eicosenoic Acid | |||||
| 10 | Methanol | GC-MS | −2,4-Dimethylfuran | fruit | Akter et al. (2022) |
| - 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3-Methyl-2-Pyrazolin-5-One | |||||
| - Trans-2,3-Epoxyoctane | |||||
| - 2-Furancarboxylic Acid, 2-Ethylhexyl Ester | |||||
| - Heptanoic Acid, 3-Hydroxy-, Methyl Ester | |||||
| - 2-(3-Methylguanidino)Ethanol D-Glycero-D-Ido-Heptose | |||||
| - Paromomycin | |||||
| - Octadecanoic Acid | |||||
| −9,9-Dimethoxybicyclo[3.3.1 ]Nona-2,4-Dione | |||||
| - N-Propyl Nonyl Ether | |||||
| 11 | Ethanol, acetone, n-hexane | GC-MS | - Succinic Acid Dimethyl Ester | fruit | Harahap et al. (2019) |
| - Dimethyl Pentanedioate | |||||
| - Dimethyl Adipate | |||||
| - Methyl Adipate | |||||
| −1,3-Dioxolane-4-Methanol | |||||
| 12 | Ethanol | HPLC | - Quinic Acid | fruit, bark, leaf | Kumar et al. (2017a) |
| - Caffeic Acid | |||||
| - Gallic Acid | |||||
| - Vanillic Acid | |||||
| - Gentisic Acid-O-Hexoside - | |||||
| - (+)-Catechin | |||||
| - Brevifolincarboxylic Acid | |||||
| - Epicatechin | |||||
| - Ellagic Acid-O-Dihexoside | |||||
| - Ellagic Acid-O-Hexoside | |||||
| 13 | Ethanol | HPLC | - Mucic Acid- 1,4-Lactone- 3-0-Gallate | fruit | Li et al. (2019) |
| - Hamamelitannin | |||||
| - Isocorilagin | |||||
| - Ethyl Gallate | |||||
| - Methyl Gallate | |||||
| - Ellagic Acid | |||||
| - Quercetin-3-O-Rhamnoside | |||||
| - Undefined | |||||
| 14 | methanol | HPLC | - B-Glucogallin | fruit | Kumar et al. (2015) |
| - Trigalloylglucose | |||||
| - Geraniin | |||||
| - Gallic Acida | |||||
| - Castalin | |||||
| - Trigalloylglucose (Isomer) | |||||
| - Corilagin | |||||
| - Protocatechuic Acida | |||||
| - Methylgallate | |||||
| - P-Coumaric Acid | |||||
| 15 | methanol | HPLC | - Digallic Acid | fruit | Balusamy et al. (2019) |
| 16 | Ethanol | HPLC | - Gallic Acid | fruit | Li et al. (2020) |
| - Fisetin | |||||
| 17 | Ethanol | LC/MS | - 5-Hydroxyisophthalic Acid | fruit | Wu et al. (2022a) |
| - Amlaic Acid | |||||
| −3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid | |||||
| −10-Gingerdione | |||||
| - 6-Methylgingediacetate | |||||
| - Ethyl Gallate | |||||
| - (-)-1,10-Epoxy-Guaia-11-Ene | |||||
| - 7alpha-Hydroxycholesterol | |||||
| - Irisoquin F | |||||
| −2′-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde | |||||
| 18 | Ethanol | HPLC | - Gallic | fruit | Kumnerdkhonkaen et al. (2018) |
| - Phydroxybenzoic | |||||
| - Vanillic | |||||
| - Syringic | |||||
| - P-Coumaric | |||||
| - Ferulic | |||||
| - Sinapinic Acids | |||||
| 19 | Methanol | HPLC | - L-Ornithine | fruit | Luo et al. (2022) |
| - Taurine | |||||
| - Glucose 1-Phosphate | |||||
| - Deoxycytidine | |||||
| - Methylmalonic Acid | |||||
| - 3-Hydroxy-3- Methylbutanoic Acid | |||||
| - 5-Hydroxytryptamine | |||||
| - N-Lactoyl-Phenylalanine | |||||
| - 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl) Ethanamine | |||||
| - Indoleacrylic Acid | |||||
| 20 | Methanol | LC/MS | - L-Ornithine | leaf | Kiran et al. (2021) |
| - Taurine | |||||
| - Glucose 1-Phosphate | |||||
| - Deoxycytidine | |||||
| - Methylmalonic Acid | |||||
| - 3-Hydroxy-3- Methylbutanoic Acid | |||||
| - 5-Hydroxytryptamine | |||||
| - N-Lactoyl-Phenylalanine | |||||
| - 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl) Ethanamine | |||||
| - Indoleacrylic Acid | |||||
| 21 | Ethanol | HPLC | - Gallic Acid | fruit | Gong et al. (2020) |
| - Methyl Gallate | |||||
| 22 | Ethanol and Methanol | LC/MS | - Arbamoyl Phosphate | fruit | Kumar et al. (2017b) |
| - L-Methionine; Methionine; L-2-Amino-4methylthiobutyric Acid | |||||
| - Pyridoxamine Phosphate | |||||
| - Sulfate Derivative Of Norepinephrine | |||||
| - Nicotinate D-Ribonucleoside | |||||
| - 4-Hydroxy-All-Trans-Retinyl Acetate | |||||
| −5(S),6(S)-Epoxy-15(S)-Hydroxy-7e,9e,112,13e- Eicosatetraenoic Acid | |||||
| - Prostaglandin B1 | |||||
| - N6-D-Biotinyl-L-Lysine; Biocytin; Epsilon-N-Biotinyl- L-Lysine | |||||
| −12-Oxo-20-Dihydroxy-Leukotriene B4 | |||||
| 23 | Ethanol | GC-MS | - Fatty Acids And Fatty Acyl Esters | fruit | Khaled et al. (2018) |
| - Fatty Acyl Esters | |||||
| - Phthalides | |||||
| - Terpenes | |||||
| - Sterol | |||||
| - Palmitic Acid And Palmitic Acid Methyl Ester | |||||
| - Linoleic Acid | |||||
| - Stearic Acid | |||||
| - Elaidic Acid | |||||
| 24 | Ethanol | HPLC | - Hypophyllanthin | fruit, leaf | Kumar et al. (2017c) |
| - Phyllanthin | |||||
| - Gallic Acid | |||||
| - Ellagic Acid | |||||
| - Quinic Acid | |||||
| - Chebulinic Acid | |||||
| 25 | Methanol | HPLC | - Mucic Acid | fruit | Yang et al. (2012) |
| - Mucic Acid Lactone | |||||
| - Malic Acid | |||||
| - Mucic Acid Gallate | |||||
| - Chebulic Acid | |||||
| - Mucic Acid Digallate | |||||
| - Mucic Acid Lactone Gallate | |||||
| - Galloylglucose | |||||
| - Mucic Acid Methyl Ester Gallate | |||||
| - Gallic Acid | |||||
| 26 | Ethanol | HPLC | - Quercetine | fruit | Halim et al. (2022) |
| - Betaine | |||||
| - Trigonelline | |||||
| - Stearamide | |||||
| - Ellagic Acid | |||||
| - Myricitrin | |||||
| - Myricetin | |||||
| - Leucine | |||||
| - Kaempferol | |||||
| - Α-Linoleic Acid | |||||
| 27 | Methanol | HPLC, LC/MS | - Ellagic Acid | fruit | Muthusamy et al. (2017) |
| - Phyllanthin | |||||
| - Hypophyllanthin | |||||
| - Niranthin |