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. 2023 Oct 26;14:1176753. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1176753

TABLE 5.

PDF distances for each clinical data for each proposed method. The larger is the scored distance the better the method is able to cluster DVPs in a clinical relevant manner. The methods are scored, for each clinical data, from the best to the poorest.

Variable Distance Method Variable Distance Method Variable Distance Method
Age 0.19 CNN AE baseline 0.05 BMI CNN AE template 0.05 BPM CNN AE baseline
Age 0.18 DDTW baseline 0.05 BMI CNN AE baseline 0.04 BPM DDTW baseline
Age 0.17 CNN AE template 0.05 BMI DDTW baseline 0.04 BPM CNN AE template
Age 0.17 Handcrafted template 0.04 BMI Handcrafted template 0.03 BPM Handcrafted template
Age 0.17 Handcrafted baseline 0.04 BMI Handcrafted baseline 0.03 BPM Handcrafted baseline
Age 0.08 DDTW template 0.03 BMI DDTW template 0.03 BPM DDTW template
Age 0.07 Handcrafted optimal 0.02 BMI Handcrafted optimal 0.02 BPM Handcrafted optimal
Age 0.05 CNN AE optimal 0.01 BMI CNN AE optimal 0.01 BPM CNN AE optimal
Age 0.05 DDTW optimal 0.01 BMI DDTW optimal 0.01 BPM DDTW optimal
Height 0.06 Handcrafted baseline 0.08 PAD CNN AE template 0.09 PAS CNN AE baseline
Height 0.06 CNN AE baseline 0.08 PAD CNN AE baseline 0.09 PAS CNN AE template
Height 0.06 CNN AE template 0.07 PAD Handcrafted template 0.08 PAS DDTW baseline
Height 0.06 Handcrafted template 0.07 PAD DDTW baseline 0.08 PAS Handcrafted template
Height 0.05 DDTW baseline 0.06 PAD Handcrafted baseline 0.07 PAS Handcrafted baseline
Height 0.02 Handcrafted optimal 0.03 PAD DDTW template 0.03 PAS DDTW template
Height 0.02 DDTW template 0.03 PAD Handcrafted optimal 0.03 PAS Handcrafted optimal
Height 0.02 CNN AE optimal 0.02 PAD CNN AE optimal 0.02 PAS CNN AE optimal
Height 0.01 DDTW optimal 0.02 PAD DDTW optimal 0.02 PAS DDTW optimal
TT 0.17 DDTW baseline 0.09 PWV DDTW baseline 0.05 Weight DDTW baseline
TT 0.17 CNN AE baseline 0.09 PWV CNN AE baseline 0.05 Weight CNN AE template
TT 0.16 Handcrafted template 0.09 PWV Handcrafted baseline 0.05 Weight CNN AE baseline
TT 0.16 CNN AE template 0.09 PWV CNN AE template 0.04 Weight Handcrafted template
TT 0.15 Handcrafted baseline 0.08 PWV Handcrafted template 0.03 Weight DDTW template
TT 0.07 DDTW template 0.04 PWV DDTW template 0.03 Weight Handcrafted baseline
TT 0.06 Handcrafted optimal 0.03 PWV Handcrafted optimal 0.02 Weight Handcrafted optimal
TT 0.05 DDTW optimal 0.03 PWV DDTW optimal 0.02 Weight CNN AE optimal
TT 0.05 CNN AE optimal 0.03 PWV CNN AE optimal 0.02 Weight DDTW optimal