Table 3.
Multivariate linear analysis of associations between carotenoid subgroups and serum Klotho level.
| Carotenoid subgroups (Continuous) |
Model I β(95%CI) |
P | Model II β(95%CI) |
P | Model III β(95%CI) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| α-arotene | 13.77 (7.18,20.35) |
<0.01 | 12.57 (5.67,19.47) |
<0.01 | 10.80 (4.49, 17.11) |
0.01 |
| β-Carotene | 15.58 (9.95,21.21) |
<0.01 | 14.34 (8.59,20.08) |
<0.01 | 11.58 (6.44, 16.71) |
<0.01 |
| β-Cryptoxanthin | 8.50 (-0.92,17.93) |
0.08 | 9.66 ( -0.40,19.73) |
0.06 | 7.06 ( -2.16, 16.29) |
0.13 |
| Lycopene | -4.56 (-13.18,4.05) |
0.29 | -4.93 (-13.17, 3.31) |
0.24 | -2.92 ( -10.69, 4.86) |
0.45 |
| Lutein with zeaxanthin |
15.44 (7.70,23.19) |
<0.01 | 14.1 (6.63,21.58) |
<0.01 | 10.33 (2.02, 18.64) |
0.02 |
Model I: non-adjusted model; Model II: adjusted for year and age; Model III: adjusted for year, age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, education level, family income-to-poverty ratio, smoking status, drinking status, estimated glomerular filtration rate, body mass index, total energy intake, physical activity, medication use, systemic immune-inflammation index, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and self-reported chronic diseases.