Figure 3.

Equipping CAR-T cells with non-secretory proteins

(A) CAR-T cells armed with an additional co-stimulatory receptor, such as OX-40L, to enhance the co-stimulatory signal. (B) CAR-T cells co-expressing CCR, which recognizes a second antigen with an extracellular ScFv and transmits co-stimulatory signals via intracellular CD28 and 4-1BB co-stimulatory domains. (C) CAR-T cells co-expressing CSR, which switches an inhibitory signal (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1 signal) outside into an activating signal (e.g., CD28 signal) inside. (D) CAR-T cells overexpressing transcription factors coming from vectors, such as c-Jun, to enhance the persistence of CAR-T cells against exhaustion upon activation.