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. 2023 Nov 10;11:76. doi: 10.1186/s40635-023-00561-z

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) protocol. After a 3-min baseline period and 5-min run-in time of the treatment (oxygen or air), LBNP was increased by 10 mmHg starting from 0 mmHg every 3 min to simulate progressive blood loss until completing LBNP 80 or stopping due to hemodynamic decompensation