Table 4.
Summary of results of supplementary evaluations and sensitivity analysis examining the association between cesarean delivery and BMI z-score and POW of 75th percentile or greater (higher weight status) compared to 25th-50th percentile.
| BMI z-score | POW | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CIa | OR | 95% CIa | |
| Follow-up at age 1 year | ||||
| Main analysis results (all children) | 0.97 | (0.69–1.36) | 1.02 | (0.73–1.43) |
| Excluded preterm births | 1.01 | (0.71–1.42] | 1.08 | (0.77–1.52) |
| Excluded pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25.0 | 1.03 | (0.72–1.46) | 1.05 | (0.74–1.49) |
| Excluded emergency CS | 1.17 | (0.77–1.76) | 1.12 | (0.74–1.69) |
| Children exclusively breastfed | 1.04 | (0.60–1.83) | 1.21 | (0.73–2.02) |
| Children not exclusively breastfed | 0.99 | (0.63–1.56) | 1.09 | (0.70–1.70) |
| Follow-up at age 3 years | ||||
| Main analysis results (all children) | 0.98 | (0.67–1.42) | 0.88 | (0.61–1.29) |
| Excluded preterm births | 1.00 | (0.68–1.48) | 0.90 | (0.61–1.33) |
| Excluded pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25.0 | 0.96 | (0.65–1.42) | 0.90 | (0.60–1.33) |
| Excluded emergency CS | 1.03 | (0.66–1.62) | 0.95 | (0.60–1.50) |
| Children exclusively breastfed | 1.26 | (0.69–2.30) | 1.20 | (0.65–2.24) |
| Children not exclusively breastfed | 0.83 | (0.50–1.39) | 0.72 | (0.43–1.20) |
| Follow-up at age 6 years | ||||
| Main analysis results (all children) | 0.71 | (0.45–1.12) | 0.94 | (0.60–1.47) |
| Excluded preterm births | 0.75 | (0.47–1.20) | 0.99 | (0.63–1.58) |
| Excluded pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25.0 | 0.79 | (0.49–1.26) | 0.97 | (0.61–1.53) |
| Excluded emergency CS | 0.70 | (0.40–1.25) | 0.95 | (0.54–1.67) |
| Children exclusively breastfed | 0.67 | (0.32–1.41) | 0.82 | (0.40–1.72) |
| Children not exclusively breastfed | 1.00 | (0.53–1.86) | 1.14 | (0.62–2.12) |
BMI = body mass index; POW = percentage of overweight; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; CS = caesarean section.
aEstimates were derived using multinomial logistic regression adjusting for maternal age, educational status, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational age and birth weight (Model 3).