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. 2023 Nov 11;14:7300. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-43036-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — A Manhattan plot depicting the -log10(P value) for all common variants (y-axis) across all chromosomes (x-axis). HLA-DPB1 top risk signal is shown by an upward red triangle on chromosome five. B A locus zoom plot showing all common and rare signals on HLA-DPB1. Genome-wide significant threshold of 5e–08 is represented by a dashed gray line, above which there is a stretch of high LD variants downstream to HLA-DPB1. Association models were run with age, age2, sex and age × sex, and 10 ancestry-informative principal components as covariates. P values are uncorrected and are from two-sided tests performed using approximate Firth logistic regression.