Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population
| Survival (n = 19) Median (IQR) | Death (n = 45) Median (IQR) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 80.00 (16.00) | 80.00 (13.00) | 0.49 |
| Sex | 0.22 | ||
| Male, n (%) | 16.00 (84.21) | 32.00 (75.00) | |
| Female, n (%) | 3.00 (15.79) | 13.00 (25.00) | |
| Co-morbiditya, n (%) | 16.00 (84.21) | 42.00 (93.33) | 0.25 |
| SOFA score | 8.00 (4.00) | 11.00 (5.00) | <0.01 |
| APACHE II score | 19.00 (4.00) | 26.00 (3.00) | <0.01 |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 188.00 (199.00) | 132.86 (144.35) | 0.02 |
| D-dimer (μg/L) | 2270.00 (5626.00) | 2012.00 (3492.00) | 0.45 |
| Lactic acid(mmol/L) | 1.50 (1.30) | 2.00 (1.30) | 0.15 |
| BNP(pg/ml) | 209.00 (615.00) | 278.50 (717.00) | 0.33 |
| TnI(pg/mL) | 21.89 (128.65) | 13.50 (49.20) | 0.70 |
| CK-MB(ng/mL) | 3.00 (5.77) | 3.58 (12.70) | 0.19 |
| ALT(U/L) | 21.00 (54.40) | 22.80 (25.20) | 0.92 |
| AST(U/L) | 29.90 (42.90) | 36.05 (24.70) | 0.71 |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 12.90 (9.00) | 13.60 (9.55) | 0.49 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 30.60 (7.80) | 30.10 (7.35) | 0.06 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 88.00 (67.55) | 81.50 (89.44) | 0.38 |
| BUN(mmol/L) | 11.33 (9.16) | 11.90 (11.08) | 0.73 |
| UA(μmol/L) | 262.30 (184.80) | 292.80 (171.80) | 0.55 |
| GLU(mmol/L) | 8.12 (5.24) | 9.93 (8.05) | 0.51 |
| Neutrophil(109/L) | 7.75 (6.36) | 10.12 (8.40) | 0.21 |
| Neutrophil percentage(%) | 91.00 (6.30) | 92.40 (10.00) | 0.17 |
| Lymphocyte (109/L) | 0.51 (0.40) | 0.45 (0.37) | 0.19 |
| Lymphocyte percentage (%) | 5.00 (4.20) | 4.20 (5.10) | 0.16 |
| Platelet (109/L) | 124.40 (85.00) | 171.00 (138.50) | 0.10 |
| Erythrocyte(1012/L) | 3.71 (1.58) | 3.74 (1.07) | 0.99 |
| Leukocyte(109/L) | 8.57 (6.37) | 11.60 (8.73) | 0.44 |
| Monocyte(109/L) | 0.39 (0.67) | 0.39 (0.36) | 0.93 |
| BALF cytokine | Survival (n = 19) | Death (n = 45) | |
| IL-5(pg/mL) | 3.15 (6.30) | 4.95 (3.53) | 0.18 |
| IFN-α(pg/mL) | 4.56 (3.27) | 5.99 (4.86) | 0.05 |
| IL-2(pg/mL) | 2.32 (1.96) | 2.67 (2.02) | 0.07 |
| IL-6(pg/mL) | 506.78 (1448.00) | 610.73 (1386.36) | 0.30 |
| IL-1β(pg/mL) | 277.98 (1255.93) | 919.89 (3290.46) | 0.05 |
| IFN-γ(pg/mL) | 12.85 (8.13) | 19.61 (28.10) | 0.05 |
| IL-8(pg/mL) | 7864.79 (9553.95) | 8930.17 (8409.79) | 0.25 |
| IL-17(pg/mL) | 3.53 (2.74) | 4.39 (2.89) | 0.04 |
| IL-12P70(pg/mL) | 2.73 (1.25) | 2.90 (1.64) | 0.15 |
| TNF-α(pg/mL) | 9.24 (23.08) | 22.14 (46.99) | <0.01 |
| IL-4(pg/mL) | 2.98 (1.92) | 3.00 (2.04) | 0.25 |
| IL-10(pg/mL) | 3.58 (2.60) | 3.53 (3.67) | 0.05 |
| Plasma cytokine | Survival (n = 18) | Death (n = 42) | |
| IL-5(pg/mL) | 2.86 (2.23) | 1.81 (2.56) | 0.02 |
| IFN-α(pg/mL) | 1.65 (2.50) | 1.25 (1.89) | 0.17 |
| IL-2(pg/mL) | 1.41 (1.60) | 1.25 (0.72) | 0.22 |
| IL-6(pg/mL) | 21.16 (294.59) | 254.58 (761.84) | 0.03 |
| IL-1β(pg/mL) | 1.57 (11.70) | 0.00 (4.52) | 0.20 |
| IFN-γ(pg/mL) | 4.44 (7.97) | 3.79 (7.97) | 0.39 |
| IL-8(pg/mL) | 14.51 (15.87) | 21.25 (38.41) | 0.06 |
| IL-17(pg/mL) | 2.95 (1.73) | 3.11 (2.33) | 0.25 |
| IL-12P70(pg/mL) | 1.75 (0.35) | 1.76 (0.35) | 0.47 |
| TNF-α(pg/mL) | 0.41 (4.71) | 0.77 (2.57) | 0.46 |
| IL-4(pg/mL) | 1.46 (0.31) | 1.48 (0.42) | 0.49 |
| IL-10(pg/mL) | 2.17 (2.42) | 4.66 (7.58) | <0.01 |
aCo-morbidity is defined as ≥1 of the following conditions: hypertension, diabetes, cardiac disease, kidney disease, digestive system disease, autoimmune disease, thma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and malignancy. SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, PaO2 /FiO2 partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), BNP brain natriuretic peptide, TnI troponin I, CK-MB Creatine Kinase MB, BUN blood urea nitrogen, UA blood uric acid, GLU glucose, IQR interquartile range