Cao GY 2010.

Methods	Country: China Setting: hospital based Aim: to observe the therapeutic effect of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine on primary osteoporosis Study design: randomised controlled trial Analysis: T‐test Loss to follow‐up: not reported
Participants	Ethnicity: Chinese 57 primary osteoporosis patients enrolled: 30 in trial group, 27 in control group Inclusion criteria: WHO diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis based on bone density levels Exclusion criteria: secondary osteoporosis
Interventions	Experimental: Chinese medicine Bushenhuoxue recipe (1 dose per day, water fried) and conventional western medicine (alfacalcidol soft capsules, bisphosphonate and salmon calcitonin, etc.) based on the patient's condition, for 3 months Control: conventional western medicine based on the patient's condition, for 3 months
Outcomes	BMD
Notes	No funding sources or declarations of interest for the primary researchers reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Adequate sequence generation	Unclear risk	Patients were randomly allocated
Allocation concealment	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement of 'low risk' or 'high risk'
Incomplete outcome data addressed All outcomes	Low risk	No missing outcome data
Free of selective reporting	Unclear risk	Not all the outcomes that were of interest in this review were reported
Free of other bias	Unclear risk	No detailed description and P value for the baseline comparison not stated