Cao W 2010.

Methods	Country: China Setting: hospital based Aim: to observe the therapeutic effect of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine on postmenopausal osteoporosis Study design: randomised controlled trial Analysis: T‐test, Chi2 test Loss to follow‐up: not reported
Participants	Ethnicity: Chinese 120 postmenopausal osteoporosis patients enrolled: 60 in trial group, 60 in control group Inclusion criteria: WHO diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis based on bone density levels Exclusion criteria: serious women's illnesses, malignant tumour, diabetes, etc.
Interventions	Experimental: Chinese medicine (combinations of herbs) (1 dose per day, water fried 300 ml, twice a day), tamoxifen (20 mg per day) and Caltrate (600 mg, 1 to 2 tablets per day), for 3 months Control: tamoxifen (20 mg per day) and Caltrate (600 mg, 1 to 2 tablets per day), for 3 months
Outcomes	BMD, Ca, ALP, adverse events
Notes	No funding sources or declarations of interest for the primary researchers reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Adequate sequence generation	Unclear risk	Patients were randomly allocated
Allocation concealment	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement of 'low risk' or 'high risk'.
Incomplete outcome data addressed All outcomes	Low risk	No missing outcome data
Free of selective reporting	Unclear risk	Not all the outcomes that were of interest in this review were reported
Free of other bias	Low risk	The study appears to be free of other sources of bias