Zou JJ 2005.

Methods	Country: China Setting: outpatients Aim: to observe the effects of Guben Zhuanggu capsules in the treatment of primary osteoporosis Study design: single‐blinded, randomised controlled trial Analysis: T‐test, Chi2 test Loss to follow‐up: not reported
Participants	Ethnicity: Chinese 60 primary osteoporosis patients enrolled: 30 in trial group, 30 in control group Inclusion criteria: Chinese diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis, BMD detected by DXA Exclusion criteria: secondary osteoporosis, endocrine disease
Interventions	Experimental: Guben Zhuanggu capsules (2 capsules, 3 times a day) and Caltrate (600 mg, once a day), for 6 months Control: Guben Zhuanggu capsules simulated (2 capsule, 3 times a day) and Caltrate (600 mg, once a day), for 6 months
Outcomes	BMD, adverse effects
Notes	No funding sources or declarations of interest for the primary researchers reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Adequate sequence generation	Unclear risk	No information provided
Allocation concealment	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding All outcomes	Low risk	Single‐blind
Incomplete outcome data addressed All outcomes	Low risk	No missing outcome data
Free of selective reporting	Unclear risk	Not all the outcomes that were of interest in this review were reported
Free of other bias	Unclear risk	P value for the baseline comparison not stated

ALP: alkaline phosphatase
 BGP: bone Gla protein
 BMC: bone mineral content

BMD: bone mineral density
 Ca: serum calcium
 CT: computed tomography
 DPA: dual photon absorptiometry
 DXA: dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry
 E2: oestradiol
 HRT: hormone replacement therapy

Hyp: hydroxyproline
 IL‐6: interleukin‐6  

OPG: osteoprotegerin
 P: phosphorus
 PTH: parathyroid hormone
 SPA: single photon absorptiometry
 WHO: World Health Organization