Table 2.
Exosomes Derived from Different Types of Cells and Their Effects
| Cells Types | Markers | Functions | Concentration | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) | TSG101, CD9, CD63, CD81, GM130, Calnexin | ↑: Col-I, TIMP-1, TGFβ-1 ↓: Col-III, MMP-1/2/3/9, ROS |
25 μg/mL; 150 μg/Ml, 1.1 × 1010 particles/mL, 108 particles/mL |
[82–84] |
| Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) | CD9, CD63, CD81, CD105, Calnexin | ↑: fibroblast proliferation GPX-1 and Col-I ↓: MMP-1 |
250 μg/mL | [85] |
| Three-dimensional spheroids of human dermal fibroblasts | CD81, Alix, | ↑: Col -I; TGF-β, TIMP-1/2 ↓: MMP-1, IL-1β, TNF-α |
108/mL | [86] |
| Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) | Mean diameter: 85.8 nm, zeta potential: −15.6 mV |
↑:Col -I; ↓: β-galactosidase (SA-Gal), MMP-1/3 |
20×108 particles/mL | [87] |
| Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) | CD9, HSP70 miR-29b-3p |
↑:Col-I; proliferation and migration of HDFs ↓: oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, MMP-1/2/3 |
25 μg/mL | [88] |
| circ_0011129 overexpressing ADSCs | CD34, CD45, CD63, CD90, CD105, TSG101, Alix, | ↑: Col-I/III, Elastin, ↓: oxidative stress, MMP-1/3, p53, p21, p16, Cathepsin K, |
50 ug/mL | [89] |
| miR-1246 overexpressing ADSCs | CD9, CD63, CD81 | ↑: ProCol-I, proliferation of HSFs, IκB-α (anti-inflammation) ↓: MMP-1, |
||
| Phellinus linteus | Diameters of FELNVs ranged from 100 to 260 nm | ↑:Col-I; ↓: MMP-1 |
2% PL | [90] |