Table 1.
Clinical characteristics
| All (n = 54) | Non-responders (n = 14) | Responders (n = 40) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 57.7 ± 11.5 | 55.4 ± 10.7 | 58.5 ± 11.8 | 0.392 |
| Male, n (%) | 29 (53.7%) | 9 (64.3%) | 20 (50%) | 0.356 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| AF, n (%) | 8 (14.8%) | 4 (28.6%) | 4 (10.0%) | 0.092 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 17 (31.5%) | 3 (21.4%) | 14 (35.0%) | 0.347 |
| CKD, n (%) | 5 (9.3%) | 2 (14.3%) | 3 (7.5%) | 0.595 |
| ECG parameters | ||||
| Baseline QRS duration | 166.8 ± 27.0 | 155.8 ± 35.8 | 170.6 ± 22.4 | 0.076 |
| QRS complex morphology | 0.027 | |||
| LBBB (Strauss criteria) | 35 (64.8%) | 5 (35.7%) | 30 (75.0%) | |
| IVCD | 14 (25.9%) | 7 (50.0%) | 7 (17.5%) | |
| Narrow QRSd | 5 (9.3%) | 2 (14.3%) | 3 (7.5%) | |
| Laboratory tests | ||||
| eGFR, mL/min | 78.4 (68.8–92.1) | 70.2 (51.1–85.7) | 80.2 (69.4–92.8) | 0.15 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 1350 (600.8–2719.1) | 2699.2 (1375.2–3747.6) | 1181.0 (544.5–2037.8) | 0.013 |
| LVEF, % | 30 (26.2–35.0) | 28.5 (27.0–32.0) | 30.5 (26.0–35.0) | 0.699 |
| NYHA functional class | ||||
| II | 13 (24.1%) | 1 (7.1%) | 12 (30.0%) | 0.031 |
| III | 39 (72.2%) | 11 (78.6%) | 28 (70.0%) | |
| IV | 2 (3.7%) | 2 (14.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Medical treatment | ||||
| ACE-I/ARB/ARNI, n (%) | 51 (94.4%) | 14 (100.0%) | 37 (92.5%) | 0.56 |
| Beta blockers, n (%) | 54 (100.0%) | 14 (100%) | 40 (100%) | – |
| Aldosterone antagonists, n (%) | 53 (98.1%) | 14 (100.0%) | 39 (97.5%) | 1 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 53 (98.1%) | 14 (100.0%) | 39 (97.5%) | 1 |
| Digoxin, n (%) | 21 (38.9%) | 6 (42.9%) | 15 (37.5%) | 0.723 |
| Type of device | 0.435 | |||
| CRT-D, n (%) | 38 (70.4%) | 3 (21.4%) | 13 (32.5%) | |
| CRT-P, n (%) | 16 (29.6%) | 11 (78.6%) | 27 (67.5%) | |
ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; ARNI, angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRT-D, cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator; CRT-P, cardiac resynchronization therapy-pacemaker; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LBBB, left bundle branch abnormality; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association.