Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Source (citation) |
Baseline, exercise-group participants | Study design | Exercise intervention | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N, sex | Age (yr) | BMI (kg/m2) | V̇O2max (ml/kg/min) | Mode | Loading | ||
| Brandauer (35) | 8 M | 25.0 | 24.6 | 49.0 | I | A | 3 wks: 1–2 h/session at 70–85% peak workload, 15 sessions |
| Costford (24) | 10 M | < 301 | – | – | P | A | 3 wks: 30–60 min at 75–85% V̇O2max or 50 min at 70% V̇O2max per session × 13 |
| Johnson (16)(young) | 6 M/5F | 24.9 | 24.0 | 29.5 | I | A | 8 wks: 60 min at 65% V̇O2max per session, 3–5 session/wk |
| Johnson (16) (aged) | 5 M/5F | 70.0 | 27.9 | 17.8 | I | A | 8 wks: 60 min at 65% V̇O2max per session, 3–5 session/wk |
| Lamb (41) | 6 M/10F | 59.0 | 31.7 | – | P | R | 10 wks: 10–12 repetitions × 3 sets of whole-body exercise, 2 session/wk |
| Lanza (30) (young) | 6 M/5F | 26.0 | 22.7 | 51.6 | I | A | 4 yrs.: >1 h, 6 times/wk., self-reported |
| Lanza (30) (aged) | 6 M/4F | 65.4 | 24.4 | 39.4 | I | A | 4 yrs.: >1 h, 6 times/wk., self-reported |
Data are expressed as means. Subgroups were evaluated as independent datasets. A, aerobic exercise; F, female; M, male; I, independent sample; R, resistance exercise; P, paired sample. 1Based on the inclusion criteria, participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 30.