Table 2.

Summary of proposed interventions to improve glaucoma medication adherence

Study	Location	Number of participants	Proposed intervention	Impact
Dreer et al. [23]	University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)	15	Culturally informed health promotion program	Medication adherence rates improved significantly in African American patients
Gupta et al. [33]	India	500	Government subsidizes glaucoma medications	Positive correlation between medication cost and adherence
Bilger et al. [34]	Singapore	100	Adherence contingent rebates	Patients in the rebate group were more adherent to medications 73.1% of the time after six months compared to 61.6% in non-rebate group
Kosoko et al. [41]	Howard University School of Medicine, Washington, DC	438	Written instructions	Question accuracy about glaucoma and management improved from 23.36 ± 30.8% to 88% in patients who did graduate high school and 8.46 ± 21.7% to 96% in patients who did not graduate high school
Muir et al. [42]	Duke University Eye Center, Durham, NC	127	Literacy level appropriate glaucoma education video	Number of days without medicine (DWM) similar between intervention and control group over 6 months
Miller et al. [43]	University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center	39	Support, Educate, Empower (SEE) program	Improved medication adherence in lower economic groups (< $50,000)
Cate et al. [44, 45]	Norwich, UK	208	Modified motivational interviewing called Behavior Change Counseling (BCC)	No statistically significant difference in adherence between BCC patients and controls over 8 months
Newman-Casey et al. [46]	University of Michigan Medical School	Systematic review	Varying interventions including Educational slideshow, pamphlet, questions answered by ophthalmic technician, education focused office visits, motivational interviews, and glaucoma club	Improved glaucoma medication adherence
Gray et al. [47]	University of Manchester, Manchester, UK	127	Personally tailored education plan	Better knowledge of glaucoma treatment (p < 0.001) compared to controls
Norell et al. [48]	Unknown Published 1979	82	Glaucoma education through slideshow and leaflet	Decreased number of missed doses (p = 0.004)
Okeke et al. [49]	Scheie Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	196	Multimodal program with education, addressing barriers, and reminder system	Statistically significant improved adherence rates for patients that at baseline had < 50% (p = 0.03) and > 75% (p < 0.0001) adherence rates
Hahn et al. [50]	Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York	23 Ophthalmologists and 100 patients with glaucoma	Physician communication techniques	Improved interviewing technique by Ophthalmologists