Comparison 1. Chronic disease management programme versus usual care.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Asthma‐specific quality of life score (post intervention measurements)	9		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 RCTs	8	1627	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.22 [0.08, 0.37]
1.2 NRCT	1	413	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.46 [0.27, 0.66]
2 Subgroup analysis asthma‐specific quality of life score according to the comprehensiveness of the intervention (≥ 8 / < 8 components)	8	1627	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.22 [0.08, 0.37]
2.1 Comprehensive intervention (≥ 8 components)	6	1349	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.17 [0.04, 0.29]
2.2 Less comprehensive intervention (< 8 components)	2	278	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.44 [0.12, 0.77]
3 Subgroup analysis asthma‐specific quality of life score according to the dominant component of the intervention	8	1627	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.22 [0.08, 0.37]
3.1 Education and/or self‐management support	4	698	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.20 [‐0.11, 0.51]
3.2 Mixed	4	929	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.26 [0.12, 0.39]
4 Subgroup analysis asthma‐specific quality of life score according to the presence of limited CDM components in the control group	8	1627	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.22 [0.08, 0.37]
4.1 Control group without limited CDM components	4	629	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.28 [0.05, 0.51]
4.2 Control group with limited CDM components	4	998	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.17 [‐0.03, 0.37]
5 Subgroup analysis asthma‐specific quality of life score according to QOL scale	8		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
5.1 AQLQ ‐ overall score	7	1543	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.32 [0.12, 0.52]
5.2 LWAQ ‐ overall score	1	84	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.02 [‐0.16, 0.20]
6 Sensitivity analysis asthma‐specific quality of life (change from baseline measurements)	8		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
6.1 RCTs	7	1547	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.30 [0.18, 0.43]
6.2 NRCT	1	413	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.37 [0.18, 0.57]
7 Self‐efficacy score (post intervention measurements)	5	642	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.51 [‐0.08, 1.11]
8 Asthma severity score (post intervention measurements)	7		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
8.1 RCTs	6	1330	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.18 [0.05, 0.30]
8.2 NRCT	1	409	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.47 [0.27, 0.66]
9 Lung function (FEV1 and PEF) (post intervention measurements)	8	1559	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.19 [0.09, 0.30]
9.1 FEV1 (% predicted)	6	1279	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.16 [0.05, 0.27]
9.2 PEF (L/min)	1	224	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.30 [0.03, 0.56]
9.3 PEF (% predicted)	1	56	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.53 [‐0.01, 1.06]
10 FEV1 (% predicted) (post intervention measurements)	6	1279	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	2.81 [0.99, 4.64]
11 PEF (L/min) (post intervention measurements)	3		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
11.1 RCTs	2	372	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	33.52 [11.38, 55.65]
11.2 NRCT	1	409	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	30.52 [7.46, 53.58]
12 PEF (% predicted) (post intervention measurements)	2	307	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	8.68 [3.73, 13.63]
13 Subgroup analysis lung function according to the comprehensiveness of the intervention (≥ 8 / < 8 components)	8	1559	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.19 [0.09, 0.30]
13.1 Comprehensive intervention (≥ 8 components)	5	1133	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.19 [0.07, 0.31]
13.2 Less comprehensive intervention (< 8 components)	3	426	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.21 [0.01, 0.40]
14 Subgroup analysis lung function according to the dominant component of the intervention	8	1559	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.19 [0.09, 0.30]
14.1 Education and/or self‐management support	4	675	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.19 [0.04, 0.35]
14.2 Organisation component targeting healthcare system	1	56	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.53 [‐0.01, 1.06]
14.3 Mixed	3	828	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.17 [0.03, 0.32]
15 Subgroup analysis lung function according to the presence of limited CDM components in the control group	8	1559	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.19 [0.09, 0.30]
15.1 Control group without limited CDM components	4	585	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.21 [0.02, 0.39]
15.2 Control group with limited CDM components	4	974	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.19 [0.06, 0.32]